• Login
  • Register
Sunday, January 29, 2023
en
afsqam ar hy az eu be bn bs bg ca ceb ny zh-CN zh-TWco hr cs da nl en eo et tl fi fr fy gl ka de el gu ht ha haw iw hi hmn hu is ig id ga it ja jw kn kk km ko ku ky lo la lv lt lb mk mg ms ml mt mi mr mn my ne no ps fa pl pt pa ro ru sm gd sr st sn sd si sk sl so es su sw sv tg ta te th tr uk ur uz vi cy xh yi yo zu
Victor Mochere
No Result
View All Result
  • Business
    How to improve productivity in the workplace

    How to improve productivity in the workplace

    How to start an online dating business

    How to start an online dating business

    Benefits of low volume manufacturing

    Benefits of low volume manufacturing

    Business management tactics for an eager entrepreneur

    Business management tactics for an eager entrepreneur

    How to use website chats for lead generation

    How to use website chats for lead generation

    How to write a business plan

    How to write a business plan

    Top 10 most valuable bootstrapped companies in the world

    Top 10 most valuable bootstrapped companies in the world 2023

    How to drive profitable business growth

    How to drive profitable business growth

    Best employee recognition quotes

    Best employee recognition quotes

    Importance of employee recognition

    Importance of employee recognition

    Top 10 best online business ideas

    Top 10 best online business ideas 2023

    Secrets to strong communication skills in the workplace

    Secrets to strong communication skills in the workplace

    Benefits of CRM systems

    Benefits of CRM systems

    How to grow sales with social media

    How to grow sales with social media

    How small businesses can use apps to generate leads

    How small businesses can use apps to generate leads

    How digital marketing can help grow your business

    How digital marketing can help grow your business

    How to protect your WooCommerce store

    How to protect your WooCommerce store

    Types of branding

    Types of branding

    Importance of visual branding for your business

    Importance of visual branding for your business

    Causes of construction delays

    Causes of construction delays

  • Finance
    Guide to altcoins for beginners

    Guide to altcoins for beginners

    Things to consider when choosing a forex broker

    Things to consider when choosing a forex broker

    Top 20 cities with the most millionaires in the world

    Top 20 cities with the most millionaires in the world 2023

    Top 10 richest YouTubers in the world

    Top 10 richest YouTubers in the world 2023

    MrBeast Net Worth

    MrBeast Net Worth 2023

    Top 10 fastest growing economies in Africa

    Top 10 fastest growing economies in Africa 2023

    Top 10 richest real estate billionaires in the world

    Top 10 richest real estate billionaires in the world 2023

    Top 10 richest media billionaires in the world

    Top 10 richest media billionaires in the world 2023

    Sundar Pichai Net Worth

    Sundar Pichai Net Worth 2023

    Top 10 richest retail billionaires in the world

    Top 10 richest retail billionaires in the world 2023

    Rishi Sunak Net Worth

    Rishi Sunak Net Worth 2023

    Gautam Adani Net Worth

    Gautam Adani Net Worth 2023

    Queen Margrethe II Net Worth

    Queen Margrethe II Net Worth 2023

    Mohammed bin Salman Net Worth

    Mohammed bin Salman Net Worth 2023

    Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Net Worth

    Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Net Worth 2023

    Daniel Ek Net Worth

    Daniel Ek Net Worth 2023

    Johnson Sakaja Net Worth

    Johnson Sakaja Net Worth 2023

    How to grow your assets and build up your net worth

    How to grow your assets and build up your net worth

    Volodymyr Zelenskyy Net Worth

    Volodymyr Zelenskyy Net Worth 2023

    Denzel Washington Net Worth

    Denzel Washington Net Worth 2023

  • Education
    How to check for plagiarism

    How to check for plagiarism

    Benefits of poetry

    Benefits of poetry

    How to introduce education to your child with ADHD

    How to introduce education to your child with ADHD

    Reasons to practice creative writing

    Reasons to practice creative writing

    How to write a good essay for TOEFL

    How to write a good essay for TOEFL

    How learning leads to healthy living

    How learning leads to healthy living

    Top 10 best data science books

    Top 10 best data science books 2023

    Best quotes from PLO Lumumba

    Best quotes from PLO Lumumba

    Best quotes from Amin Maalouf

    Best quotes from Amin Maalouf

    How to write a good thesis

    How to write a good thesis

    P's to consider when choosing a career

    P’s to consider when choosing a career

    Best quotes from Michael Faraday

    Best quotes from Michael Faraday

    Top 20 greatest minds of all time

    Top 20 greatest minds of all time

    Best quotes from Voltaire

    Best quotes from Voltaire

    Best quotes from Chinua Achebe

    Best quotes from Chinua Achebe

    How language skills increase your net worth

    How language skills increase your net worth

    How to get free textbooks

    How to get free textbooks

    Common mistakes when writing a term paper

    Common mistakes when writing a term paper

    Things to consider when selecting a pharmacy college

    Things to consider when selecting a pharmacy college

    Best quotes from William Congreve

    Best quotes from William Congreve

  • Travel
    How a jet engine works

    How a jet engine works

    Top 10 weakest passports in Africa

    Top 10 weakest passports in Africa 2023

    Top 20 weakest passports in the world

    Top 20 weakest passports in the world 2023

    Tips for defensive driving

    Tips for defensive driving

    How to drive safely in the rain

    How to drive safely in the rain

    How to drive safely during a winter storm

    How to drive safely during a winter storm

    Driving tips for seniors

    Driving tips for seniors

    How to stop diesel engine runaway

    How to stop diesel engine runaway

    Benefits of vehicle tracking systems

    Benefits of vehicle tracking systems

    Things to consider when buying a vehicle tracking system

    Things to consider when buying a vehicle tracking system

    How a car engine works

    How a car engine works

    How to handle a car engine overheating

    How to handle a car engine overheating

    Top 20 largest urban parks in the world

    Top 20 largest urban parks in the world 2023

    Driving habits that damage your car

    Driving habits that damage your car

    Things to consider when choosing a fuel efficient car

    Things to consider when choosing a fuel efficient car

    Top 20 most expensive cars ever sold

    Top 20 most expensive cars ever sold 2023

    Things you need to know before importing a car into Kenya

    Things you need to know before importing a car into Kenya

    How to import a used car into Kenya

    How to import a used car into Kenya

    Common acronyms in cars

    Common acronyms in cars

    Common abbreviations in cars and their meaning

    Common abbreviations in cars and their meaning

  • Technology
    How NFTs have changed the gaming industry

    How NFTs have changed the gaming industry

    Computer tricks you need to know

    Computer tricks you need to know

    Things you can do with ChatGPT

    Things you can do with ChatGPT

    How to get the best results from ChatGPT

    How to get the best results from ChatGPT

    How to integrate ChatGPT with WhatsApp

    How to integrate ChatGPT with WhatsApp

    Things to consider when choosing a video editing company

    Things to consider when choosing a video editing company

    Top 10 most popular DIY electronics projects

    Top 10 most popular DIY electronics projects 2023

    How to keep your smartphone safe

    How to keep your smartphone safe

    How to increase your WordPress website speed

    How to increase your WordPress website speed

    Benefits and drawbacks of decentralized blockchains

    Benefits and drawbacks of decentralized blockchains

    How to stay safe online

    How to stay safe online

    How to add a verified badge to WordPress authors

    How to add a verified badge to WordPress authors

    How to forecast Bitcoin risk measures

    How to forecast Bitcoin risk measures

    How to handle a data breach

    How to handle a data breach

    How to redirect a website URL

    How to redirect a website URL

    How to join the TikTok Creator Fund

    How to join the TikTok Creator Fund

    How to build your first NFT collection

    How to build your first NFT collection

    How virtual reality has reinvented the automotive industry

    How virtual reality has reinvented the automotive industry

    Cybersecurity risks in the blockchain industry

    Cybersecurity risks in the blockchain industry

    Data security in AI technology

    Data security in AI technology

  • Living
    How to bounce back after a downtime

    How to bounce back after a downtime

    How to get the most out of your downtime after work

    How to get the most out of your downtime after work

    Benefits of CBD for the skin

    Benefits of CBD for the skin

    Things to know before going for hiking and camping

    Things to know before going for hiking and camping

    How to handle health-related stress

    How to handle health-related stress

    How to survive a stressful life period

    How to survive a stressful life period

    Activities to do in your garden

    Activities to do in your garden

    Symbolism of colors around the world

    Symbolism of colors around the world

    Advantages of retaining walls

    Advantages of retaining walls

    How doctors can maximize their earning potential

    How doctors can maximize their earning potential

    Best quotes from Pope Benedict XVI

    Best quotes from Pope Benedict XVI

    Benefits of Apple Cider Vinegar

    Benefits of Apple Cider Vinegar

    How to reduce snoring

    How to reduce snoring

    How to find a host after winning the US Green Card

    How to find a host after winning the US Green Card

    Mistakes to avoid when applying for the US Green Card

    Mistakes to avoid when applying for the US Green Card

    Top 20 best countries to retire in

    Top 20 best countries to retire in 2023

    How to communicate effectively while working from home

    How to communicate effectively while working from home

    Top 20 countries with the most skyscrapers in the world

    Top 20 countries with the most skyscrapers in the world 2023

    Top 20 cities with the most skyscrapers in the world

    Top 20 cities with the most skyscrapers in the world 2023

    How to identify a genuine leather jacket

    How to identify a genuine leather jacket

  • Entertainment
    Top 20 most complex movies of all time

    Top 20 most complex movies of all time 2023

    Best quotes from Whitney Houston

    Best quotes from Whitney Houston

    Top 10 most rewatchable movies

    Top 10 most rewatchable movies 2023

    Best quotes from Denzel Washington

    Best quotes from Denzel Washington

    Snack ideas for an online gaming night

    Snack ideas for an online gaming night

    Best quotes from Frank Sinatra

    Best quotes from Frank Sinatra

    Roku vs Amazon Fire Stick: Which is better?

    Roku vs Amazon Fire Stick: Which is better?

    Top 20 highest paid entertainers in the world

    Top 20 highest paid entertainers in the world 2023

    Best quotes from Shonda Rhimes

    Best quotes from Shonda Rhimes

    Best poker tips for beginners

    Best poker tips for beginners

    Top 10 best budget wireless headphones

    Top 10 best budget wireless headphones 2023

    Best quotes from Betty White

    Best quotes from Betty White

    Free internet TV channels you can watch online

    Free internet TV channels you can watch online

    Top 10 most Grammy Awards nominees of all time

    Top 10 most Grammy Awards nominees of all time 2023

    Top 10 most Grammy Awards winners of all time

    Top 10 most Grammy Awards winners of all time 2023

    Benefits of using an online video editor for your vlog

    Benefits of using an online video editor for your vlog

    Best quotes from Adele

    Best quotes from Adele

    Best apps and games on App Store

    Best apps and games on App Store 2023

    Best apps and games on Google Play Store

    Best apps and games on Google Play Store 2023

    Top 20 best-selling singles of all time

    Top 20 best-selling singles of all time 2023

  • Governance
    Top 10 ruthless African warlords

    Top 10 ruthless African warlords

    Best quotes from Kwame Nkrumah

    Best quotes from Kwame Nkrumah

    What you need to know about IEBC forms

    What you need to know about IEBC forms

    Top 20 largest empires in history

    Top 20 largest empires in history

    Diplomatic number plates in Kenya

    Diplomatic number plates in Kenya

    Best quotes from Marcus Aurelius

    Best quotes from Marcus Aurelius

    Best quotes from Vladimir Lenin

    Best quotes from Vladimir Lenin

    Best quotes from John Magufuli

    Best quotes from John Magufuli

    Best quotes from Volodymyr Zelenskyy

    Best quotes from Volodymyr Zelenskyy

    Best quotes from Vladimir Putin

    Best quotes from Vladimir Putin

    Best quotes from Angela Merkel

    Best quotes from Angela Merkel

    Top 20 countries with the most debt in the world

    Top 20 countries with the most debt in the world 2023

    Top 10 least indebted countries in Africa

    Top 10 least indebted countries in Africa 2023

    Top 10 most indebted countries in Africa

    Top 10 most indebted countries in Africa 2023

    Top 20 least indebted countries in the world

    Top 20 least indebted countries in the world 2023

    Top 20 most indebted countries in the world

    Top 20 most indebted countries in the world 2023

    Monarchs of Britain

    Monarchs of Britain

    US presidents who served only one term

    US presidents who served only one term 2023

    US presidents who lost their reelection bid

    US presidents who lost their reelection bid 2023

    Speech to the troops at Tilbury by Queen Elizabeth I

    Speech to the troops at Tilbury by Queen Elizabeth I

  • Sports
    Best quotes from Pelé

    Best quotes from Pelé

    How to bet on the NFL

    How to bet on the NFL

    How to bet on the Breeders' Cup

    How to bet on the Breeders’ Cup

    Types of swimming styles and strokes

    Types of swimming styles and strokes

    Benefits of swimming

    Benefits of swimming

    Safety rules every swimmer should follow

    Safety rules every swimmer should follow

    Must-have equipment for softball coaches

    Must-have equipment for softball coaches

    How to take advantage of changing odds

    How to take advantage of changing odds

    Guide to baseball betting

    Guide to baseball betting

    Top 10 most watched sporting events of all time

    Top 10 most watched sporting events of all time 2023

    Top 10 highest paid NFL players

    Top 10 highest paid NFL players 2023

    Top 10 richest sports leagues in the world

    Top 10 richest sports leagues in the world 2023

    Top 10 most popular sports in the world

    Top 10 most popular sports in the world 2023

    Top 10 highest paid NHL players in the world

    Top 10 highest paid NHL players in the world 2023

    Top 10 football players with the most free kick goals

    Top 10 football players with the most free kick goals 2023

    Slam Dunk: How to become an NBA betting pro

    Slam Dunk: How to become an NBA betting pro

    History of badminton in the Olympic Games

    History of badminton in the Olympic Games

    Top 10 most lucrative football shirt sponsorships

    Top 10 most lucrative football shirt sponsorships 2023

    Top 10 countries with the least Olympic medals in Africa

    Top 10 countries with the least Olympic medals in Africa 2023

    Top 20 countries with the least Olympic medals in the world

    Top 20 countries with the least Olympic medals in the world 2023

en
afsqam ar hy az eu be bn bs bg ca ceb ny zh-CN zh-TWco hr cs da nl en eo et tl fi fr fy gl ka de el gu ht ha haw iw hi hmn hu is ig id ga it ja jw kn kk km ko ku ky lo la lv lt lb mk mg ms ml mt mi mr mn my ne no ps fa pl pt pa ro ru sm gd sr st sn sd si sk sl so es su sw sv tg ta te th tr uk ur uz vi cy xh yi yo zu
Victor Mochere
No Result
View All Result
en
afsqam ar hy az eu be bn bs bg ca ceb ny zh-CN zh-TWco hr cs da nl en eo et tl fi fr fy gl ka de el gu ht ha haw iw hi hmn hu is ig id ga it ja jw kn kk km ko ku ky lo la lv lt lb mk mg ms ml mt mi mr mn my ne no ps fa pl pt pa ro ru sm gd sr st sn sd si sk sl so es su sw sv tg ta te th tr uk ur uz vi cy xh yi yo zu
Victor Mochere
No Result
View All Result
Home Living

Natural remedies for healthy skin

Kathy Thomson by Kathy Thomson
March 7, 2022 - Updated on January 17, 2023
in Living
Reading Time: 4 mins read
0
A A
0
Natural remedies for healthy skin

Healthy skin is something everyone wants to achieve, and people often try numerous remedies, natural or chemical, to accomplish that. A slew of everyday occurrences such as exposure to UV light, alcoholism, smoking, poor nutrition, lack of sleep, and other stressors at work can lead to skin dullness, lifelessness, and dryness. 

Even if we can’t always avoid the problems mentioned earlier, we can use superior natural and DIY solutions to keep our skin bright, healthy, and young-looking. It doesn’t matter how impeccable you believe your cosmetics or skincare products are; the original elements like aloe vera, lemon, turmeric, cheap kratom powder, and papaya are far more potent and effective than anything you can buy.

1. Turmeric

Turmeric is a magnificent spice that will never let you down because of its antibacterial characteristics. Antioxidant-rich turmeric contributes to healthy skin. It contains curcumin, an anti-inflammatory ingredient, which helps to reduce puffiness and redness. Turmeric helps your skin glow and rejuvenates and protects it from looking drab. Additionally, turmeric boosts collagen, which helps maintain the smoothness and youthfulness of the skin. Following are instructions for a DIY paste of turmeric powder:

  • One spoon Gram flour and half a teaspoon of turmeric powder (chickpea flour)
  • To make a smooth paste, combine enough milk or water and stir thoroughly
  • Add a few drops of rose water in the final step
  • Please wait for the paste to dry on your skin before removing it
  • Proceed to rinse in cold water

2. Olive oil

When discussing skin benefits, vitamin E is usually the first thing that comes to mind. Antioxidants like this one shield the skin from free radical damage. You may get a wide range of health advantages from olive oil since it contains many vitamins. The free radicals go after the cell’s electron and destroy it. As you might expect, free radical death isn’t healthy for your skin. 

Studies have shown that taking vitamins E and K combined can help cure acne. It’s impossible to overlook the benefits of letting your skin absorb additional vitamins, even though applying them to your skin isn’t quite the same. It’s crucial to note that you should avoid cheap olive oils in favor of natural or organic extra virgin olive oil. 

Moreover, you can apply olive oil to your skin as long as you dilute it. If you have acne on your skin, you must avoid using olive oil as it blocks pores. In terms of quantity, it doesn’t take a lot. You should be able to cover your face with only a few drops. You can also add honey or yogurt to olive oil to make a skin-healing concoction.

3. Honey

Whether applied to the skin or in your diet, your skin and hair health gains many benefits from honey. It is antioxidant-rich and improves the texture and softness of the skin while also healing acne scars and preventing new ones from forming. If you can buy any organic honey, it’s ideal to use it instead of regular honey. Following are the directions of use:

  • Using your hands, massage the honey into the skin for a few minutes before letting it sit for a few more minutes
  • Rinse with lukewarm water to remove
  • For optimal results, use this home treatment every other day

4. Tomatoes

Tomatoes and yogurt work together to reduce the appearance of pores and keep oiliness at bay. Citric and malic acids found in tomatoes exfoliate the skin and remove dead skin cells, resulting in brighter, smoother skin. Yogurt can be a modest physical exfoliant that contributes to the reason. To make this DIY face pack, follow these steps:

  • Tomato pulp, yogurt, and coarse besan are all a must in a bowl to make this dish
  • In a bowl, mix all the ingredients
  • This face pack should be applied to a clean face, dry for 20-30 minutes, and then gently rubbed off with water

5. Papaya

This home treatment for glowing skin will also help you if you are concerned about premature aging on your face. An enzyme known as papain helps eliminate dead skin cells and inactive proteins from the skin – this aids in the rejuvenation of the skin, resulting in a softer, more radiant complexion. This product can remove acne outbreaks and other skin issues caused by dirt and oil.

  • Mashed papaya with one teaspoon each of fuller’s earth and honey goes into a dish
  • Apply the paste to the face and neck after mixing well
  • Use lukewarm water to remove it after 20 minutes

6. Kratom powder

Kratom powder is becoming increasingly popular in the skincare industry. It targets the acne-causing bacteria known as Propionibacterium. Due to its anti-inflammatory properties, it helps reduce patchiness on the skin and helps minimize rashes. This natural herb also helps to even out your skin tone. It is also helpful for people who suffer from acne outbreaks as it deals with the root of the problem. With all these benefits and many more, it is highly beneficial to incorporate kratom powder into your daily routine.

7. Moisturize

If you’re looking for an all-natural moisturizer full of anti-aging nutrients, go no further than coconut oil! Using a small amount of oil, massage your face every night. You can even add lemon juice to coconut oil to tackle itchy scalp. You can also use cheap kratom powder oil to relax. Use it every night before you go to sleep. 

Like the rest of your body, your facial muscles benefit from regular exercise, especially if you want to maintain a youthful appearance. As the muscles in your face tighten, they are more likely to develop wrinkles, which need a regular massage. One to two minutes of daily relaxation and stimulation of the facial muscles is sufficient for your anti-aging skincare routine.

8. Take control of your emotions

Stress can cause acne outbreaks and other skin disorders. Take efforts to control your focus, to promote good skin and a healthy mind. Take care of yourself by getting adequate sleep, setting realistic boundaries, reducing your to-do list, and making time for the activities you like.

Conclusion

Each of these natural therapies is effective on its own and when combined. Some of them you can make into a paste and apply directly to the skin. You can easily find most of these natural elements in your home, and you can also go for kratom powder. In addition, a healthy lifestyle is vital for healthy skin.

Tags: Health
Previous Post

How to make money on your blog

Next Post

How to trade cryptocurrency OTC

Kathy Thomson

Kathy Thomson

Related Posts

How to bounce back after a downtime

How to bounce back after a downtime

January 24, 2023
How to get the most out of your downtime after work

How to get the most out of your downtime after work

January 24, 2023
Benefits of CBD for the skin

Benefits of CBD for the skin

January 19, 2023 - Updated on January 25, 2023
Things to know before going for hiking and camping

Things to know before going for hiking and camping

January 19, 2023 - Updated on January 25, 2023
How to handle health-related stress

How to handle health-related stress

January 13, 2023 - Updated on January 25, 2023
How to survive a stressful life period

How to survive a stressful life period

January 13, 2023 - Updated on January 25, 2023
Load More
Next Post
How to trade cryptocurrency OTC

How to trade cryptocurrency OTC

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

I agree to the Privacy Policy.

Trending posts

  • Top 10 richest musicians in Africa

    Top 10 richest musicians in Africa 2023

    0 shares
    Share 0 Tweet 0
  • Best quotes from William Shakespeare

    0 shares
    Share 0 Tweet 0
  • Top 10 best gay dating apps 2023

    1 shares
    Share 0 Tweet 0
  • African countries and their current presidents 2023

    1 shares
    Share 0 Tweet 0
  • How to activate Microsoft Office on Mac for free

    1 shares
    Share 0 Tweet 0

Download our app

Google-play Shopping-bag Amazon

Newsletter

Subscribe to our newsletter and get the latest posts delivered to your inbox.

*We hate spam as you do.

Recent posts

Top 10 ruthless African warlords

Top 10 ruthless African warlords

January 26, 2023
How a jet engine works

How a jet engine works

January 25, 2023
How to bounce back after a downtime

How to bounce back after a downtime

January 24, 2023
How to get the most out of your downtime after work

How to get the most out of your downtime after work

January 24, 2023
How NFTs have changed the gaming industry

How NFTs have changed the gaming industry

January 24, 2023
Victor Mochere

Victor Mochere is one of the biggest informational blogs on the web. We publish well curated up-to-date facts and important updates from around the world.

Follow us

Facebook-f Twitter Instagram Pinterest Linkedin Youtube Tiktok Snapchat-ghost Telegram Rss

Recent posts

  • Top 10 ruthless African warlords
  • How a jet engine works
  • How to bounce back after a downtime
  • How to get the most out of your downtime after work
  • How NFTs have changed the gaming industry

Topics

  • Business
  • Education
  • Entertainment
  • Finance
  • Flacked
  • Governance
  • Living
  • Sports
  • Technology
  • Travel

Download our app

Google-play Shopping-bag Amazon

Find us on

Newspaper Flipboard
  • Advertise
  • Disclaimer
  • Copyright
  • Cookies
  • Privacy Policy
  • Write For Us
  • Send us a topic
  • Contact

© 2023 Victor Mochere. All rights reserved.

en
afsqam ar hy az eu be bn bs bg ca ceb ny zh-CN zh-TWco hr cs da nl en eo et tl fi fr fy gl ka de el gu ht ha haw iw hi hmn hu is ig id ga it ja jw kn kk km ko ku ky lo la lv lt lb mk mg ms ml mt mi mr mn my ne no ps fa pl pt pa ro ru sm gd sr st sn sd si sk sl so es su sw sv tg ta te th tr uk ur uz vi cy xh yi yo zu
  • Login
  • Sign Up
No Result
View All Result
  • Topics
    • Business
    • Finance
    • Education
    • Travel
    • Technology
    • Living
    • Entertainment
    • Governance
    • Sports
  • About
    • Editor-in-Chief
  • Comment Policy
  • Corrections Policy
  • Social Media Policy
  • Sitemap

© 2023 Victor Mochere. All rights reserved.

Welcome Back!

Login to your account below

Forgotten Password? Sign Up

Create New Account!

Fill the forms below to register

*By registering onto our website, you agree to the Privacy Policy.
All fields are required. Log In

Retrieve your password

Please enter your username or email address to reset your password.

Log In
This website uses cookies. By continuing to use this website you are giving consent to cookies being used. Visit our Cookie Policy.