Isistimu yokudlulisela ingenye yezingxenye eziyisisekelo nezibalulekile zemoto. Ungayichaza kanje, ikhipha amandla enjinini iye emasondweni. U-Transmission umane ubhekise ku-gearbox, osebenzisa amagiya nezitimela ukuze unikeze isivinini ne-torque. Ingenye yezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu zemoto yakho ehlanganisa uchungechunge lwamagiya (ibhokisi lamagiya).
Okubheke kakhulu ukuthi amasondo athole amandla afanele ukuze akwazi ukusebenza ngesivinini esithile. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuthutha izimoto. Okuvame kakhulu uku-othomathikhi, kuyilapho ukuthunyelwa ngesandla ezimotweni ze-stick-shift kudinga ukuthi umshayeli agcwalise izinyathelo ezengeziwe ukuze isebenze kahle imoto.
Isebenza kanjani isistimu yokudlulisa?
Ukusebenza kwesistimu yokudlulisela kuyehluka kuye ngohlobo lokudlulisela. Ngokuvamile, isistimu yokudlulisa ivumela isilinganiso segiya phakathi kwamasondo okushayela kanye nenjini. Iyakwazi ukushintshwa njengoba imoto inciphisa futhi inyusa isivinini. Uma usuyizulile imoto yakho usufike lapho uya khona, manje sekumele ume, kulesi simo, ugesi unqamula injini emasondweni okushayela ukuze injini ihlale ingasebenzi uma amasondo engahambi. I-transmission ingahlinzeka nokusheshisa okusabelayo lapho ume khona futhi inike amandla injini ukuthi ihambe kancane ngenkathi imoto ihamba ngesivinini esivamile.
Izinhlobo zezinhlelo zokudlulisa izimoto
Okulandelayo yizinhlobo zokudlulisa ezisetshenziswa ezimotweni zezimoto:
- I-Manual Transmission (MT)
- I-Intelligent Manual Transmission (IMT)
- I-Automated Manual Transmission (AMT)
- Ukuthumela okuzenzakalelayo (AT)
- I-Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT)
- I-Semi-automatic Transmission (SAT)
- I-Dual-clutch Transmission (DCT)
- I-Sequential Transmission (ST)
- I-Torque Converter Transmission (TCT)
- I-Tiptronic Transmission (TT)
1. I-Manual Transmission (MT)
I-manual transmission wuhlelo oludinga ukuthi umshayeli azikhethele ngokwakhe igiya ngokusebenzisa igiya stick ne-clutch ukuze ashintshe amagiya. Lolu hlelo lukagesi luqukethe isethi yamagiya (osayizi abahlukene) kanye namashafti amabili. I-input shaft ixhunywe enjinini kanti i-output shaft ihambisana ngokuqhubekayo ne-input shaft futhi inamagiya amaningana. Kulokhu, umshayeli kufanele azikhethele amagiya bese ebamba noma ayikhiphe i-clutch pedal.
Lokhu kudluliswa kusebenzisa i-flywheel, i-pressure plate, ne-clutch ukuze kuhileleke futhi kukhiphe injini emshinini. I-flywheel ne-pressure plate kuxhunywe enjinini futhi i-clutch ifakwe phakathi kwakho. Igama elithi push in clutch lisho ukudedela i-pressure plate ekhipha i-clutch enjinini njalo uma wenza i-shift, kufanele uphushe i-clutch kuqala.
Izinzuzo ze-MT
- Ukudluliswa kwezandla kuthathwa kangcono ngezinhloso zangaphandle komgwaqo.
- Lolu hlobo lwesistimu yokudlulisa luhlinzeka ngomthwalo ophezulu we-torque.
- Lezi zithembeke kakhulu futhi kulula ukuzisebenzisa kunezinye izinhlobo.
Ukungalungi kwe-MT
- Akuwona wonke umuntu okwazi ukushayela.
- Ijika lemfundo ephakeme.
- Badinga umsebenzi owengeziwe ngesikhathi sokushayela.
2. Intelligent Manual Transmission (IMT)
Kalula futhi ngokunembayo ukubeka i-IMT iwumshini owusebenzisa ngesandla ongena-clutchless. Ufana no-gearbox oshintshwayo, unamagiya ne-gear lever. Umshayeli ucishe azizwe njengemoto ezishintshayo njengoba i-IMT ingenayo i-clutch pedal, kodwa ifana nebhuleki ne-accelerator pedal. Ezimeni ezinjengokwehla komqansi noma ukweqa, uyakwazi ukulawula ngokuphelele u-gearbox futhi lokho akulona icala lokusebenzisa i-clutch pedal.
Kulolu hlobo lwama-transmission system, awudingi ukuphakamisa i-accelerator ngenkathi ushintsha amagiya, uma wenza kanjalo, kuzosiza ukuthi izinto zihambe kahle. Isistimu yokudlulisa ye-IMT ayikwazi ukuzishintsha amagiya. Ngakolunye uhlangothi ngemoto ye-IMT uma kuqhathaniswa nemoto eshintshwayo, ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli kanye nemayela kuncike futhi kuncike endleleni yokushayela yomshayeli.
Izinzuzo ze-IMT
- Ngokusebenzisa i-IMT Car, ungaba nokulawula okuphelele kokuthi imoto yakho ikuliphi igiya futhi ngeke kudingeke uthembele kusofthiwe.
- Izindleko ze-IMT nazo ziseduze nalezo zokudluliswa kwezandla okuvamile.
- Nge-IMT, umshayeli uthola impumuzo ekusebenzeni kwe-clutch, ikakhulukazi esiminyaminya sedolobha.
Ukungalungi kwe-IMT
- Ku-IMT, ukuguqulwa kwamagiya akusheleli njengoba isistimu incike kwi-clutch okufanele ishintshwe yi-actuator.
3. I-Automated Manual Transmission (AMT)
I-automated manual transmission inguqulo ethuthukisiwe noma eguquliwe yokudlulisa ngesandla esiqede isidingo sokubandakanya i-clutch pedal lapho ushintsha amagiya. Icishe ifane ne-manual transmission kodwa kulolu hlelo, ama-sensor nama-actuator asebenza njenge-clutch kanye namagiya okushintsha. Imoto ene-AMT ayinayo i-clutch pedal, kunalokho, i-accelerator ne-brake pedal kuphela.
Lokhu kushintshwa kwegiya elishintshwayo kuvumela futhi uma kudingeka. I-AMT transmission isebenzisa ama-hydraulics nekhompyutha exhunywe ku-Electronic Control Unit (ECU) yemoto. Amaphethini okushintsha amagiya ahlelwe kusengaphambili kule yunithi futhi asebenza ikakhulukazi ebangeni le-RPM elisethiwe. Uma uhlelo selubala ama-RPM aphezulu i-ECU ihlanganisa ama-actuator asebenzisa i-clutch kanye ne-gearbox.
Izinzuzo ze-AMT
- Inzuzo enkulu ye-AMT ngaphezu kokudluliswa kwezandla ukusebenziseka kwayo ngoba ukusebenzisa i-clutch akuyona ingxenye yomsebenzi womtshuzi, ngakho kunciphisa ukukhathala.
- I-AMT iyonga kakhulu kuphethiloli, ngaleyo ndlela ivumela amandla amaningi ukuthi ageleze emasondweni kunama-automatic transmission.
- Ungayishayela ngendlela ofisa ngayo, okusho ukuthi izimoto eziningi ezihlome nge-AMT nazo ziphuma nemodi yezandla.
Ukungalungi kwe-AMT
- Kodwa-ke, njengoba ama-AMTs encike kumazinga e-RPM anqunywe kusengaphambili, angabangela izinguquko ezingahleliwe ngesikhathi sokudlula okungaba nzima.
- Isidingo sesikhala esiphezulu kanye nesisindo esiningi kunokudlulisa ngesandla.
4. I-Automatic Transmission (AT)
Ingumshini ohamba ngamagiya amaningi osetshenziswa ezimotweni ezingadingi ukuthi umshayeli ashintshe amagiya aya phambili ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokushayela. Iqukethe igiya leplanethi, izilawuli ze-hydraulic, kanye nesiguquli se-torque. Injini ixhunywe ku-converter ye-torque esuke ixhunywe ohlelweni lwegiya bese ixhunywa ku-transmission. Ngaphakathi kwesiguquli se-torque, ezinye izingxenye zisebenza ngokuhambisana.
Ingxenye engaphandle igcina i-flywheel ezungeza sonke isakhiwo. Ukuzungezisa kuphusha uketshezi ngaphandle kwepompo ngesivinini esikhulu, okubangela ukuba i-turbine ijikeleze. Uketshezi luyaqhubeka nokujikeleza ezingxenyeni ezimbili ngokwehlukana nange-stator. I-turbine ixhunywe ku-shaft exhuma kuyo yonke isistimu bese amandla edluliselwa ohlelweni lwegiya.
Izinzuzo ze-AT
- Inzuzo enkulu yama-automatic transmissions ukuthi alula futhi kulula ukuwasebenzisa.
- Bahlinzeka ngokushayela ngokunethezeka komshayeli nabagibeli.
- Ama-AT ngokwemvelo anamandla amaningi kunanoma yikuphi ukudluliselwa kwesandla okulinganayo.
Ukungalungi kwe-AT
- Kuwuhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lapho izinto eziningi ezahlukene zingahluleka khona.
- Kubiza kakhulu ukulungisa nokulungisa uma kuqhathaniswa nokudluliswa kwezandla.
5. I-Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT)
Lawa amagiya asuselwa ku-pulley asetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni ezincane ezinezinjini ezincane futhi angashintsha amagiya ngaphandle komthungo ngokusebenzisa isilinganiso segiya esingashintshi. Lokhu kungqubuzana namanye ama-transmissions anikezela ngenani elilinganiselwe lezilinganiso zamagiya ezigabeni ezigxilile. I-CVT isebenzisa ama-pulleys amabili lapho ibhande lensimbi ligijima khona.
Ukuze iqhubeke ishintsha isilinganiso segiya, i-CVT ishintsha kanyekanye ububanzi be-"drive pulley" ehambisa i-torque esuka enjinini, kanye ne-"drive pulley" edlulisela i-torque emasondweni. Ububanzi bala ma-pulleys buyashintsha kuye ngamandla adingekayo njengoba elinye liba likhulu kanti elinye liya liba lincane. Ngakho-ke lokhu kuvumela ukuletha ukusheshisa okuqinile nokushelelayo.
Izinzuzo ze-CVT
- Bangakunikeza ukugibela okushelelayo ngoba kuqeda umuzwa wokuguquguquka.
- Isebenza kahle kakhulu kuphethiloli ngoba injini ihlezi isebenza kahle.
- Ingakunikeza impendulo esheshayo oshintshweni lwezimo zokushayela.
Ukungalungi kwe-CVT
- Zibhekwa njengezingasebenziseki ezimeni ezingekho emgwaqeni.
- Awekho amandla enjini okubhuleka njengoba kubonakala emshinini ozishintshayo.
6. I-Semi-automatic Transmission (SAT)
I-semi-automatic transmission iyi-multi-speed transmission, lapho ingxenye yokusebenza kwayo iyazishintsha kodwa idinga ukuthi umshayeli akwazi ukushayela imoto isitobhile nokushintsha amagiya ngesandla. Kuyinhlanganisela kagesi oshintshwayo kanye ne-othomathikhi. Ingaphinde ikunikeze ukuthi uwalawula kanjani amagiya njengoba kukhona ongakhetha kukho oshintshwayo kanye ne-automatic.
Amandla e-kinetic akhiqizwa injini asiza amasondo ukuthi ajikeleze, kuyilapho izilinganiso zegiya zilawula ukuthi amasondo akho agijima noma aphuze kangakanani. Okubalulekile, i-semi-automatics ayinayo i-clutch pedal. Kunalokho, i-CPU yemoto kanye nezinzwa zisebenzisa i-clutch lapho umshayeli eshintsha amagiya, ngenxa yalokho, ama-semi-auto empeleni kulula ukuwashayela.
Izinzuzo ze-SAT
- Bangakunikeza ukuguquguquka okushelelayo uma kuqhathaniswa nokudluliswa kwezandla.
- Ukudluliswa kwe-Semi-automatic kunokungasebenzi okumbalwa ekushintsheni kusho ukuthi akunasikhathi sokunensa noma ukushelela.
- Ungakwazi ukushintsha amagiya ngokushesha ngaphandle kobunzima.
Ukungalungi kwe-SAT
- Lezi yizinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi okusho ukuthi izinto zingase zehluleke.
- Lezi zinhlobo zesistimu yokudlulisela kuyabiza ukuyinakekela uma kuqhathaniswa nokudluliswa ngesandla.
- Kubiza kakhulu ukulungisa ngokuvamile kubiza kakhulu ukuvele ushintshe.
7. I-Dual-clutch Transmission (DCT)
Le transmission isebenzisa ama-clutch amabili ahlukene e-odd ngisho namagiya avumela ukuthi amashifu asheshe kakhulu. Idizayini ivamise ukufana nama-transmission amabili ahlukene ahlukene, ngokuthi ama-clutch awo ahlukene angaphakathi kwendlu, futhi asebenza njengeyunithi eyodwa. I-DCT isebenza njenge-automatic transmission, ayidingi ukufaka umshayeli ukushintsha amagiya. Lolu hlobo luka-gearbox ngokujwayelekile luyakwazi ukusebenza nge-automatic mode noma lukwazi ukunyakaziswa ngesandla ngamaphedali esiteringini. Lawa ma-gearbox atholakala kakhulu ezimotweni zomjaho nasezimotweni zezemidlalo ezisezingeni eliphezulu futhi abiza kakhulu.
Izinzuzo ze-DCT
- Ama-DCT anikezela ukonga uphethiloli okungcono kanye nokusebenza okungcono kunama-automatic transmissions.
- Njengoba zishintsha ngokushelelayo nangezinga eliphezulu lokunemba, zivame ukuthandwa emkhakheni wokushayela kokusebenza.
Ukungalungi kwe-DCT
- Ziyabiza, lokhu kubi kuhlanganiswe nobunkimbinkimbi bazo okuholela ekulungiseni kaningi futhi kubiza kakhulu.
- Uma ushayela ngesivinini esiphansi, njengasendaweni yokupaka noma ngakolunye uhlangothi lwemoto, ivamise ukudonsa nokukhiya.
8. I-Sequential Transmission (ST)
Ukudluliswa kwegiya okulandelanayo kukuvumela ukuthi ukhethe igiya elilandelayo (isb, ukusuka egiyeni lokuqala uye kwelesibili) noma igiya langaphambilini (isb, ukusuka egiyeni lesithathu ukuya kwelesibili), eliqhutshwa ngamaphedali kagesi afakwe ngemuva kwesiteringi. isondo. Emotweni eno-gearbox olandelanayo, uvele ushaye i-lever noma i-pedal ukuze uchofoze igiya ngalinye, noma ngabe uya phezulu noma uya phansi.
Kwezinye izimoto, kune-lever yangempela lapho umshayeli ephushela phambili noma ayidonsele emuva ukuze ayishintshe phezulu noma phansi. Imvamisa, wuhlobo lokudluliswa kwamanuwali okungavumelani okusetshenziselwa kakhulu izithuthuthu nezimoto zomjaho. Aziwa nangokuthi ama-gearbox alandelanayo noma ama-sequential transmissions.
Izinzuzo ze-ST
- Ukushintsha amagiya kuma-transmission alandelanayo kulula.
- Ungakwazi ukukhuphula noma unciphise isivinini sakho ngaphandle kokuma noma ukuzwa ukwehla kwesivinini.
- Lo mshini uqanjwe ngoba ungashintsha amagiya ngokulandelana.
Ukungalungi kwe-ST
- Okunye okungalungile ku-gearbox olandelanayo ukuthi awukwazi "ukweqa i-shift" - okungukuthi, ukushintsha amagiya ngokungalandelani.
- Ukuphindela emuva kokuma kokwethuka kungaba nzima njengoba bengathandi ukugudluka kalula ngenkathi bema.
9. I-Torque Converter Transmission (TCT)
I-torque converter transmission ingenye yezinhlobo ezindala kakhulu zokudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo. Iziguquli ze-torque zokuqala aziklanyelwe noma yiluphi uhlobo lokusebenza noma ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli. Kodwa iziguquli ze-torque zanamuhla zisabela kahle futhi zilungele ukushayela kwedolobha noma umgwaqo omkhulu. I-casing inamathela ku-flywheel, izungeza ngesivinini esifanayo ne-crankshaft ngaphakathi kwendlu ye-turbine. Ekugcineni, impompi ye-impeller noma eyi-centrifugal ishayela uketshezi oludluliswayo luye kumaphiko e-turbine wona ajikelezisa noma adlulisele i-torque ku-transmission. I-torque converter isetshenziswa emotweni ehlinzekwa nge-othomathikhi yokudlulisela.
Izinzuzo ze-TCT
- Ikhiqiza i-torque ephezulu uma uyiqhathanisa nemoto efakwe i-clutch.
- Iyakwazi ukunikeza abashayeli ukunethezeka kokushayela ngokugwema ukushintsha amagiya mathupha.
- Basusa i-clutch pedal futhi benze ukushayela kube lula.
Ukungalungi kwe-TCT
- I-torque converter transmission ayongi kahle kuphethiloli uma iqhathaniswa ne-manual transmission noma i-CVT.
- Lezi zinhlobo zesistimu yokudlulisela zidinga izindleko eziphezulu ukuze zifakwe.
10. I-Tiptronic Transmission (TT)
I-tiptronic transmission system ifana ne-automatic transmission yokuthi umshayeli angaphuma “automatic mode” bese esebenzisa amapaddles ukuwahambisa phezulu noma phansi kuhle komshini ozishintshayo. I-tiptronic transmission yaziwa nangokuthi i-sportmatic noma i-steptronic transmission. Kungu-gearbox ozishintshayo okwaziyo ukushintsha amagiya ngesandla.
I-tiptronic transmission isebenza ngendlela efanayo no gearbox oshintshwayo, kodwa ngaphandle kwe-clutch. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ulawule amagiya engeziwe, alungele ukuya emagqumeni aphakeme noma ukulawula kangcono uma udlula emgwaqweni onguthelawayeka. Kunezinyathelo zokuphepha ezakhelwe kwi-Tiptronic transmission ezishintshayo uma kwenzeka umshayeli ekhohlwe.
Izinzuzo ze-TT
- Ukushayela imoto ene-tiptronic transmission kukwenza ukwazi ukulawula kakhulu uma ushintsha amagiya.
- Uma ushayela ukhuphuka noma wehla umqansa, ungakwazi ukushintsha amagiya mathupha ukuze uvumele ukuhamba okushelelayo nokuphephile.
- Ukushintsha okuzenzakalelayo kwimodi yezandla nakho kusiza umshayeli ngokubambezela injini uma kwenzeka i-down-shift ihluleka.
Ukungalungi kwe-TT
- Isistimu ye-tiptronic isebenzisa isiguquli se-torque esikhundleni se-clutch mechanism evamile, lokhu kungaholela ekulahlekeni kwamandla athile.
- Njengoba kumodi yezandla, i-ECU ishintsha amagiya, kuba nokubambezeleka okuncane ngesikhathi sokushintsha, okubonakala ekushayeleni okunamandla.
Ukuvala
Umsebenzi wanoma iyiphi i-transmission ukudlulisa amandla enjini ku-driveshaft kanye no-different ukuze uphendule amasondo. Uma uthenga imoto, ukwazi ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zamasistimu okudlulisa kungakusiza ukuthi ukhethe njengokunethezeka kwakho ukushayela.