Paus, uga dikenal minangka paus paling dhuwur (pontifex maximus utawa summus pontifex), paus Romawi (Romanus pontifex) utawa paus kedaulatan, yaiku uskup Roma (utawa sacara historis patriark Roma), kepala Gréja Katulik ing saindenging jagad, lan wis uga dadi kepala negara utawa panguwasa Negara Kepausan lan banjur dadi Negara Kutha Vatikan wiwit abad kaping wolu. Saka sudut pandang Katulik, kautaman uskup Roma umume asale saka perane minangka penerus apostolik Santo Petrus, sing dianugerahi keutamaan dening Yesus, sing menehi Petrus Kunci Swarga lan kekuwatan "ngiket lan ngeculake" , menehi jeneng minangka "watu" sing bakal dibangun Gréja.
Nalika jabatane diarani kepausan, yurisdiksi tahta uskup diarani Tahta Suci. Tahta Suci minangka entitas kadhaulatan miturut hukum internasional sing kantor pusat ing Negara Kutha Vatikan sing merdika, sawijining kutha-negara sing mbentuk enclave geografis ing conurbation Roma, sing diadegake dening Prajanjian Lateran ing taun 1929 antarane Italia lan Tahta Suci. kanggo njamin kamardikan temporal lan spiritual. Tahta Suci diakoni kanthi ketaatan ing macem-macem tingkat kanggo organisasi internasional lan liwat hubungan diplomatik lan kasepakatan politik karo akeh negara merdika.
Miturut tradhisi Katulik, tahta apostolik Roma didegaké déning Saint Peter lan Saint Paul ing abad pisanan. Kepausan minangka salah sawijining institusi sing paling awet ing donya lan nduweni peran penting ing sejarah manungsa. Ing jaman kuna, paus mbantu nyebarake agama Kristen lan campur tangan kanggo nemokake resolusi ing macem-macem perselisihan doktrin. Ing Abad Pertengahan, dheweke main peran penting sekuler ing Eropah Kulon, asring tumindak minangka arbitrator antarane raja Kristen.
Saliyane ekspansi iman lan doktrin Kristen, paus modern melu ekumenisme lan dialog antar agama, kerja amal, lan pertahanan hak asasi manungsa. Suwe-suwe, kepausan entuk pengaruh sekuler lan politik sing wiyar, sing pungkasane nandingi karo penguasa wilayah. Ing abad pungkasan, panguwasa temporal kepausan wis nolak lan kantor saiki fokus ing urusan agama.
Ing kontras, pratelan paus babagan wewenang spiritual saya tambah kuwat, sing pungkasane ana ing taun 1870 kanthi proklamasi dogma infalibilitas paus kanggo kesempatan langka nalika paus ngucapake ex cathedra - secara harfiah "saka kursi (Santo Petrus)" - kanggo ngetokake definisi resmi babagan iman utawa moral. Paus dianggep salah siji saka wong paling kuat ing donya amarga pengaruh diplomatik, budaya, lan spiritual sing ekstensif saka posisine ing 1.3 milyar umat Katolik lan wong-wong ing njaba iman Katolik, lan amarga dheweke dadi kepala panyedhiya pendhidhikan lan perawatan kesehatan non-pemerintah paling gedhe ing donya, kanthi jaringan amal sing akeh.
Ing kene kabeh paus Greja Katulik kanthi urutan kronologis.
No. | Paus | Tulisan |
Popes nalika umur buron | ||
1. | Santo Petrus | 32-67 |
2. | Linus St. | 67-76 |
3. | St. Anacletus (Cletus) | 76-88 |
4. | St Clement I | 88-97 |
5. | Evaristus St. | 97-105 |
6. | St. Alexander I | 105-115 |
7. | St. Sixtus I | 115-125 |
8. | Telesphorus St. | 125-136 |
9. | St. Hyginus | 136-140 |
10. | Pius I | 140-155 |
11. | Anicetus St. | 155-166 |
12. | St Soter | 166-175 |
13. | St. Eleutherius | 175-189 |
14. | St. Victor I | 189-199 |
15. | Zephyrinus St. | 199-217 |
16. | St Callistus I | 217-222 |
17. | St. Urban I | 222-230 |
18. | Santo Pontain | 230-235 |
19. | St. Anterus | 235-236 |
20. | St. Fabian | 236-250 |
21. | Kornelius | 251-253 |
22. | St. Lucius I | 253-254 |
23. | St Stephen I | 254-257 |
24. | St. Sixtus II | 257-258 |
25. | Dionysius St. | 260-268 |
26. | St Felix I | 269-274 |
27. | Eutechian St. | 275-283 |
28. | Caius | 283-296 |
29. | St. Marcellinus | 296-304 |
30. | St. Marcellus I | 308-309 |
31. | Eusebius St. | 309-310 |
32. | Miltiades St. | 311-314 |
Popes nalika jaman kerajaan | ||
33. | St. Sylvester I | 314-335 |
34. | Santo Markus | 336-336 |
35. | Julius I | 337-352 |
36. | Liberius | 352-366 |
37. | Santo Damus I | 366-383 |
38. | Siricius St. | 384-399 |
39. | St. Anastasius I | 399-401 |
40. | St. Innocent I | 401-417 |
41. | Zosimus St. | 417-418 |
42. | St. Bonifasius I | 418-422 |
43. | St. Celestine I | 422-432 |
44. | St. Sixtus III | 432-440 |
45. | Santo Leo I (Leo Agung) | 440-461 |
46. | St. Hilarius | 461-468 |
47. | Simplicius St. | 468-483 |
48. | Felix III (II) | 483-492 |
49. | St. Gelasius I | 492-496 |
50. | Anastasius II | 496-498 |
51. | Symmachus St. | 498-514 |
52. | St Hormisdas | 514-523 |
53. | Santo Yohanes I | 523-526 |
54. | Felix IV (III) | 526-530 |
55. | Bonifasius II | 530-532 |
56. | Yohanes II | 533-535 |
57. | St. Agapetus I | 535-536 |
58. | St. Silverius | 536-537 |
59. | Vigilius | 537-555 |
60. | Pelagius I | 556-561 |
61. | Yohanes III | 561-574 |
62. | Benediktus I | 575-579 |
63. | Pelagius II | 579-590 |
Popes wiwit jaman pertengahan | ||
64. | Santo Gregorius I (Gregorius Agung) | 590-604 |
65. | Sabinian | 604-606 |
66. | Bonifasius III | 607-607 |
67. | St. Bonifasius IV | 608-615 |
68. | St. Adeodatus I (Deusdedit) | 615-618 |
69. | Bonifasius V | 619-625 |
70. | Honorius I | 625-638 |
71. | Severinus | 640-640 |
72. | Yohanes IV | 640-642 |
73. | Theodore aku | 642-649 |
74. | St. Martin I | 649-655 |
75. | Eugene I | 655-657 |
76. | Vitalian St. | 657-672 |
77. | Adeodatus II | 672-676 |
78. | Donus | 676-678 |
79. | Agatho St. | 678-681 |
80. | Santo Leo II | 682-683 |
81. | Benediktus II | 684-685 |
82. | Yohanes V | 685-686 |
83. | Konon | 686-687 |
84. | St. Sergius I | 687-701 |
85. | Yohanes VI | 701-705 |
86. | Yohanes VII | 705-707 |
87. | Sisinnius | 708-708 |
88. | Constantine | 708-715 |
89. | Santo Gregorius II | 715-731 |
90. | Santo Gregorius III | 731-741 |
91. | Zachary St. | 741-752 |
Stephen II * | 752-752 | |
92. | Stefanus III | 752-757 |
93. | Santo Paulus I | 757-767 |
94. | Stefanus IV | 767-772 |
95. | Adrian I | 772-795 |
96. | Santo Leo III | 795-816 |
97. | Stephen V | 816-817 |
98. | St. Paskah I | 817-824 |
99. | Eugene II | 824-827 |
100. | Valentine | 827-827 |
101. | Gregorius IV | 827-844 |
102. | Sergius II | 844-847 |
103. | Santo Leo IV | 847-855 |
104. | Benediktus III | 855-858 |
105. | St. Nicholas I (Nicholas Agung) | 858-867 |
106. | Adrian II | 867-872 |
107. | Yohanes VIII | 872-882 |
108. | Marinus aku | 882-884 |
109. | St. Adrianus III | 884-885 |
110. | Stefanus VI | 885-891 |
111. | Formosus | 891-896 |
112. | Bonifasius VI | 896-896 |
113. | Stefanus VII | 896-897 |
114. | Romanus | 897-897 |
115. | Theodore II | 897-897 |
116. | Yohanes IX | 898-900 |
117. | Benediktus IV | 900-903 |
118. | Leo V | 903-909 |
119. | Sergius III | 904-911 |
120. | Anastasius III | 911-913 |
121. | Landau | 913-914 |
122. | Yohanes X | 914-928 |
123. | Leo VI | 928-928 |
124. | Stefanus VIII | 929-931 |
125. | Yohanes XI | 931-935 |
126. | Leo VII | 936-939 |
127. | Stefanus IX | 939-942 |
128. | Marinus II | 942-946 |
129. | Agapetus II | 946-955 |
130. | Yohanes XII | 955-963 |
131. | Leo VIII | 963-964 |
132. | Benediktus V | 964-964 |
133. | Yohanes XIII | 965-972 |
134. | Benediktus VI | 973-974 |
135. | Benediktus VII | 974-983 |
136. | Yohanes XIV | 983-984 |
137. | Yohanes XV | 985-996 |
138. | Gregory V | 996-999 |
139 | Sylvester II | 999-1003 |
140. | Yohanes XVII | 1003-1003 |
141. | Yohanes XVIII | 1003-1009 |
142. | Sergius IV | 1009-1012 |
143. | Benediktus VIII | 1012-1024 |
144. | Yohanes XIX | 1024-1032 |
145. | Benediktus IX | 1032-1045 |
146. | Sylvester III | 1045-1045 |
147. | Benediktus IX | 1045-1045 |
148. | Gregorius VI | 1045-1046 |
149. | Clement II | 1046-1047 |
150. | Benediktus IX | 1047-1048 |
151. | Damasus II | 1048-1048 |
152. | Santo Leo IX | 1049-1054 |
153. | Victor II | 1055-1057 |
154. | Stephen X | 1057-1058 |
155. | Nicholas II | 1058-1061 |
156. | Alexander II | 1061-1073 |
Paus nalika umur salib lan dewan | ||
157. | Santo Gregorius VII | 1073-1085 |
158. | Rahayu Victor III | 1086-1087 |
159. | Rahayu Urban II | 1088-1099 |
160. | Paskah II | 1099-1118 |
161. | Gelasius II | 1118-1119 |
162. | Kalistus II | 1119-1124 |
163. | Honorius II | 1124-1130 |
164. | Lugu II | 1130-1143 |
165. | Celestine II | 1143-1144 |
166. | Lucius II | 1144-1145 |
167. | Rahayu Eugene III | 1145-1153 |
168. | Anastasius IV | 1153-1154 |
169. | Adrian IV | 1154-1159 |
170. | Alexander III | 1159-1181 |
171. | Lucius III | 1181-1185 |
172. | Kutha III | 1185-1187 |
173. | Gregorius VIII | 1187-1187 |
174. | Clement III | 1187-1191 |
175. | Celestine III | 1191-1198 |
176. | Lugu III | 1198-1216 |
177. | Honorius III | 1216-1227 |
178. | Gregorius IX | 1227-1241 |
179. | Celestine IV | 1241-1241 |
180. | Lugu IV | 1243-1254 |
181. | Alexander IV | 1254-1261 |
182. | Kutha IV | 1261-1264 |
183. | Clement IV | 1265-1268 |
184. | Gregory X sing diberkahi | 1271-1276 |
185. | Innocent Rahayu V | 1276-1276 |
186. | Adrian V | 1276-1276 |
187. | Yohanes XXI | 1276-1277 |
188. | Nicholas III | 1277-1280 |
189. | Martin IV | 1281-1285 |
190. | Honorius IV | 1285-1287 |
191. | Nicholas IV | 1288-1292 |
192. | St. Celestine V | 1294-1294 |
193. | Bonifasius VIII | 1294-1303 |
194. | Benediktus Rahayu XI | 1303-1304 |
Paus saka kepausan avignon | ||
195. | Clement V | 1305-1314 |
196. | Yohanes XXII | 1316-1334 |
197. | Benediktus XII | 1334-1342 |
198. | Clement VI | 1342-1352 |
199. | Polos VI | 1352-1362 |
200. | Urban begja V | 1362-1370 |
201. | Gregorius XI | 1370-1378 |
Paus saka schism gedhe | ||
202. | Kutha VI | 1378-1389 |
203. | Bonifasius IX | 1389-1404 |
204. | Lugu VII | 1404-1406 |
205. | Gregorius XII | 1406-1415 |
Populasi renaissance lan reformasi | ||
206. | Martin V | 1417-1431 |
207. | Eugene IV | 1431-1447 |
208. | Nicholas V | 1447-1455 |
209. | Kalistus III | 1455-1458 |
210. | Pius II | 1458-1464 |
211. | Paulus II | 1464-1471 |
212. | Nenem IV | 1471-1484 |
213. | Lugu VIII | 1484-1492 |
214. | Alexander VI | 1492-1503 |
215. | Pius III | 1503-1503 |
216. | Yulius II | 1503-1513 |
217. | Leo X | 1513-1521 |
218. | Adrian VI | 1522-1523 |
219. | Clement VII | 1523-1534 |
220. | Paulus III | 1534-1549 |
221. | Yulius III | 1550-1555 |
222. | Marcellus II | 1555-1555 |
223. | Paulus IV | 1555-1559 |
224. | Pius IV | 1559-1565 |
Pucuk jaman revolusi | ||
225. | Pius V | 1566-1572 |
226. | Gregorius XIII | 1572-1585 |
227. | Nenem V | 1585-1590 |
228. | Kutha VII | 1590-1590 |
229. | Gregory XIV | 1590-1591 |
230. | Lugu IX | 1591-1591 |
231. | Clement VIII | 1592-1605 |
232. | Leo XI | 1605-1605 |
233. | Paulus V | 1605-1621 |
234. | Gregorius XV | 1621-1623 |
235. | Kutha VIII | 1623-1644 |
236. | Lugu X | 1644-1655 |
237. | Alexander VII | 1655-1667 |
238. | Clement IX | 1667-1669 |
239. | Clement X | 1670-1676 |
240. | Rahayu Innocent XI | 1676-1689 |
241. | Alexander VIII | 1689-1691 |
242. | XII sing ora salah | 1691-1700 |
243. | Clement XI | 1700-1721 |
244. | Lugu XIII | 1721-1724 |
245. | Benediktus XIII | 1724-1730 |
246. | Clement XII | 1730-1740 |
247. | Benediktus XIV | 1740-1758 |
248. | Clement XIII | 1758-1769 |
249. | Clement XIV | 1769-1774 |
250. | Pius VI | 1775-1799 |
251. | Pius VII | 1800-1823 |
Pucuk jaman modern | ||
252. | Leo XII | 1823-1829 |
253. | Pius VIII | 1829-1830 |
254 | Gregory XVI | 1831-1846 |
255. | Rahayu Pius IX | 1846-1878 |
256. | Leo XIII | 1878-1903 |
257. | Pius X | 1903-1914 |
258. | Benediktus XV | 1914-1922 |
259. | Pius XI | 1922-1939 |
260. | Pius XII | 1939-1958 |
261. | Santo Yohanes XXIII | 1958-1963 |
262. | Paulus sing diberkahi VI | 1963-1978 |
263 | Yohanes Paulus I | 1978-1978 |
264. | Santo Yohanes Paulus II | 1978-2005 |
265. | Benediktus XVI | 2005-2013 |
266. | Francis | 2013- |
Cathetan:
- *Stephen II kapilih nanging tilar donya sadurunge diangkat dadi paus, mula dheweke ora ditemokake ing daftar resmi Vatikan utawa kalebu ing count.