Ishishini elingundoqo lebhanki kukufumana imali kubantu abanayo, banike abo bangenayo kwaye benze abanye basasazeke kwinkqubo ngendlela yenzala. Yiloo nto ke imalunga ne-financial intermediation. Ukuba ujonga kwiphepha lomncono lebhanki eqhelekileyo, uya kubona ukuba imali mboleko yeshishini kunye nezinye iindidi zemboleko zenza owona mthombo wengeniso. Yiyo loo nto bebizwa ngokuba ngababolekisi. Ukuba ukunika abathengi imali-mboleko kubaluleke kangaka, kutheni ke ukuba iibhanki zinganiki mboleko zoshishino kubanini bamashishini amancinci.
Ukuqonda ukuba kutheni iibhanki zingafuni ukuboleka amashishini amancinci, kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela ababolekisi abacinga ngayo. Iibhanki zinika ingqwalasela eyodwa kwimingcipheko eyayanyaniswa nokuboleka imali ngokungakumbi, kwisicelo semali mboleko yeshishini. Ngokwembono yombolekisi, wonke umboleki unomngcipheko ohambelana nawo - umngcipheko wokuba imali enikwe umboleki ayisayi kuhlawulwa ngomhla omiselweyo okanye ingahlawulwa kwaphela.
Isiqinisekiso sokuba umboleki uya kuyibuyisela imali mboleko ibaluleke kakhulu kwiziko lezemali. Oku kungenxa yokuba izibonelelo zetyala zinikwa abathengi abasuka kwiimali zabagcini-mali ngokusekelwe kuhlolo lombolekisi wendlela yokuphuma kwemali yomboleki njengokwaneleyo ukuhlawula imali-mboleko ngaphambi okanye ngaphambi kokuba lowo ude acele imali yakhe. Ngokulandelelana kwamagama, ibhanki iya kukunika imali kuphela ukuba iqinisekile ukuba uya kuhlawula kwakhona ukuze ibhanki ikwazi ukuhlawula abagcini bayo imali yabo xa ifunwa.
Umngcipheko ekubolekeni, ke, lithuba lokuba ababoleki bangasilela kwiimali-mboleko ngelixa iidiphozithi zabathengi kufuneka zihlawulwe ngomhla omiselweyo. Lo ngumngcipheko wokuba iibhanki zizama ukuwunciphisa ngokuqwalasela ngokunzulu izinto ezithile ngaphambi kokuba zithathe isigqibo sokuboleka nawuphi na umthengi. Ngelishwa, lo mngcipheko ubonakala uphezulu kunye nabaqhubi bamashishini amancinci. Akufuneki ukuba abanini bee-SME bayakwazi ukupakisha amashishini abo ukunciphisa le mingcipheko ibonwayo.
Ekufikeleleni kwisicelo semali mboleko yeshishini okanye naluphi na olunye uhlobo lwemali mboleko kulo mba, iibhanki zisebenzisa isethi yemigaqo ukugqiba ukuba zinike okanye zingasiniki isicelo semali-mboleko kumfaki-sicelo. Ezi nqobo zichazwa ngokobuchwephesha njengeenkanunu zokuboleka okanye iimpawu zetyala elilungileyo. Iibhanki zifuna ukuboleka imali kodwa zifuna ukusinika imali ebolekiweyo esemgangathweni eza kuhlawulwa. Ngelishwa, uninzi lwamashishini amancinci, amancinci naphakathi, adla ngokungazifikeleli ezi nqobo zekhredithi.
Nazi iindlela ezisetyenziswa ziibhanki ukukhupha imali-mboleko yeshishini.
1. Umlinganiswa womboleki
Oku kunento yokwenza nokuthembeka komboleki, ukunyaniseka, ishishini kunye nodumo. Ngaba lowo ubolekayo ngowagcinayo amazwi akhe? Yintoni imilinganiselo yakhe? Yintoni emqhubayo? Ibhanki iya kufuna ukwazi ukuba unayo na irekhodi yentlawulo yemali-mboleko okanye ungowaleli mboleko. Isimilo esihle singundoqo ekuqwalaselweni kwetyala. Apho kukho ukuthandabuza malunga nomlingiswa wakho, akukho bhanki iya kuboleka imali.
Abahlalutyi betyala abaqeqeshiweyo badla ngokwenza uluvo olunenjongo malunga nomlingiswa womboleki ngexesha lodliwano-ndlebe lwetyala kunye nokuphononongwa kwamaxwebhu esicelo somthengi. Isizathu sokuba, ifomu yesicelo setyala lebhanki ibonakala inde kwaye iyindinisa kukuba zifuna ulwazi oluninzi kangangoko ukuze zikwazi ukwenza uluvo lomfaki-sicelo.
2. Isikhundla
Ibhanki ifuna ukuqiniseka ngesakhono sakho sokwenza imali eyaneleyo kumashishini akho ukuze ukwazi ukubuyisela imali-mboleko kunye nenzala. Amandla emali anokuqinisekiswa kwiingxelo zakho zemali, ukuba eyakho lishishini esele likho, kunye nesiteyitimenti sakho sebhanki yee-akhawunti esibonisa indlela engena kwaye iphuma ngayo. Ukuba eyakho sisiqalo, ngoko ke isicwangciso sakho seshishini kufuneka siqulathe uqikelelo lwemali ekhoyo oluqinisekisayo ukuba ulwenzile ucazululo oluneenkcukacha lwemisebenzi yeshishini lakho.
Iziko elibolekayo lisenokufuna ukuqinisekisa amandla asemthethweni omboleki ukuba angene kweso sivumelwano. Kule meko, indlela olicwangcisa ngayo ishishini lakho iya kubaluleka. Ngaba ungusomashishini wedwa osebenza ekhaya okanye ngaba usebenzisana nabanye abantu, okanye ngaba ishishini lakho liyinkampani enoxanduva olulinganiselweyo? Ukuba ungumnikazi wedwa, ngaba ufikelele kwiminyaka esemthethweni yokungena kwikhontrakthi yeshishini, phakathi kweminye imibuzo efanelekileyo.
3 Inkulu
Oku kubhekiselele kwinqanaba lotyalo-mali umboleki analo kwishishini lakhe. Ibhanki ifuna ukwazi ukuba umdla kunye nokuzibophelela kwakho malunga notyalo-mali lwakho kwanele ukufunxa imingcipheko yeshishini okanye ukucutheka kwee-asethi. Ibanika isiqinisekiso sokuba awuzukuvele upakishe ishishini lakho kwaye unyamalale ngokubonakala kobunzima obuncinci.
4. Imeko
Ezi zizinto ekufuneka uzenze phambi kokuba utsale imali-mboleko oyinikiweyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, baya kubandakanya ukuphunyezwa ngokufanelekileyo kwesivumelwano semali-mboleko, ukwamkelwa kokunikezelwa, ukubonelelwa kwamaxwebhu anokuthi afuneke kunye nokuhlolwa okanye ukuqinisekiswa kwesibambiso njengoko kunjalo. Kwimali-mboleko yeshishini, imfuneko eyongezelelweyo efana nesisombululo esiphunyeziweyo sebhodi yenkampani egunyazisa isicelo, inokufuneka. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba umisele ishishini lakho ngokubeka izigqeba ezifanelekileyo ezisemthethweni nezokusebenza.
5. Intshatsheli
Esi sisibambiso esifunwa ngumbolekisi njengentuthuzelo eyongezelelweyo yokuba awuyi kuhlawula intlawulo. Isenokuphathwa njengomthombo wesibini wembuyekezo ukuba umthombo osisiseko usilele. Owona mthombo ungundoqo wokubuyisa imali-mboleko yeshishini enikwe yibhanki yakho yimisebenzi yesiqhelo yeshishini ngokwalo kunye nenqanaba lokuqukuqela kwemali eliyenzayo. Ngumvuzo wakho kunye nengeniso kwaye ibhanki ifuna ukuqiniseka ukuba ishishini lakho linamandla okwenza ingeniso eyaneleyo yokuhlawula ityala layo kwaye likushiyele inzuzo ethile.
Buza umndilili wamashishini amancinci ukuba kutheni engasondeli kwiibhanki zakhe ukuze afumane imali kwaye uya kukuxelela nje ukuba akanasibambiso. Abantu abaninzi babona isibambiso njengeyona ndlela iphambili apho iziko lezemali liza kuboleka khona. Inyaniso iyaphikisana. Isibambiso, nokuba yipropati yomhlaba, oomatshini, isithuthi okanye nayiphi na ixabiso onokuthi umbolekisi acele ukuba unikezele ngalo, isebenza kuphela njengentuthuzelo eyongezelelweyo.
Into umbolekisi aya kubuyela kuyo xa kunokwenzeka ukuba ungabinako ukuyibuyisela imali-mboleko. Iibhanki azikho kwishishini lokuthengisa izindlu, okanye iimoto, okanye izinto zorhwebo. Enyanisweni abanabo ubuchule bokwenza ezi zinto kwaye bonwabile kakhulu ngabaxumi ababolekayo ababuyisela iimali-mboleko zabo ngokukhawuleza kangangokuba iibhanki kungabikho mfuneko yokusabela kwisibambiso esibambisileyo.
isiphelo
Inyathelo lakho lokuqala lokufumana imali-mboleko yeshishini kufuneka ibe kukuqonda ukuba zeziphi ezi nqobo kwaye upakishe ishishini lakho ngendlela eya kuba nomtsalane kubabolekisi. Amashishini amaninzi amancinci, amancinci naphakathi afunyaniswa engafuni kwindlela awenza ngayo amashishini, kungoko engakwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezingundoqo zenkxaso-mali yebhanki. Ibhanki yakho ayinakukunika imali-mboleko yeshishini ngezi zizathu zilandelayo:
- Awuphumelelanga kwiikhrayitheriya zovavanyo lwetyala okanye uvavanyo.
- Ishishini lakho alicwangciswanga ngokufanelekileyo.
- Awunayo inkqubo yokugcina ingxelo.
- Awunako ukuvelisa uqikelelo lokungena kwemali olukholelekayo okanye olwaneleyo.
- Mhlawumbi awunaso isicwangciso soshishino esilungileyo.
- Ubungenakumthuthuzela ngokwaneleyo xa izinto zingahambi kakuhle.