UMao Zedong wayengumpolitiki waseTshayina, i-theory kaMarxist, ingcali yezomkhosi, imbongi, kunye noguquko owayengumseki weRiphabhlikhi yaseChina (PRC). Ukhokele ilizwe ukusukela ekusekweni kwalo ngo-1949 de wabhubha ngo-1976, ngelixa ekwasebenza njengosihlalo weQela lamaKomanisi laseTshayina ngelo xesha. Iithiyori zakhe, izicwangciso zomkhosi kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo zaziwa ngokuba yiMaoism. UMao wayengunyana womlimi ophumelelayo eShaoshan, eHunan.
Waxhasa ubuzwe bamaTshayina kwaye wayenembono enxamnye nama impiriyali kwasekuqaleni kobomi bakhe, kwaye wayephenjelelwa ngakumbi ziziganeko zeXinhai Revolution yowe-1911 kunye neNtshukumo yesine kaMeyi ka-1919. Kamva wamkela iMarxism-Leninism ngelixa esebenza kwiYunivesithi yasePeking njengononcwadi. waza waba lilungu eliseka iQela lamaKomanisi laseTshayina (CCP), ekhokela uVuno Lovuno lwasekwindla ngowe-1927.
Ngexesha leMfazwe yaseTshayina phakathi kweKuomintang (KMT) kunye neCCP, uMao wanceda ekufumaneni uMkhosi oBomvu waseTshayina, wakhokela imigaqo-nkqubo ye-Jiangxi Soviet ye-radical reform reform, kwaye ekugqibeleni waba yintloko ye-CCP ngexesha le-Long March. Nangona i-CCP idibene okwethutyana kunye ne-KMT phantsi kwe-Second United Front ngexesha leMfazwe yesiBini yaseSino-yaseJapan (1937-1945), imfazwe yombutho yaseChina yaphinda yaqala emva kokuzinikela kweJapan, kwaye imikhosi kaMao yahlula urhulumente weSizwe, owabuyela eTaiwan ngo-1949.
Ngomhla we-1 ngo-Oktobha 1949, uMao wavakalisa isiseko se-PRC, urhulumente weqela elilodwa likaMarxist-Leninist elilawulwa yiCCP. Kwiminyaka eyalandelayo womeleza ulawulo lwakhe ngephulo lohlaziyo lomhlaba ngokuchasene nabanini-mhlaba, iPhulo lokuNxinzelela ii-Counterrevolutionaries, “amaPhulo amaThathu naMahlanu achaseneyo”, kunye nesivumelwano kwiMfazwe yaseKorea, eyakhokelela ekufeni kwabantu bonke. izigidi ezininzi zamaTshayina.
Ukususela kwi-1953 ukuya kwi-1958, uMao wadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunyanzeliseni uqoqosho lomyalelo e-China, ukwakha uMgaqo-siseko wokuqala we-PRC, ukuqaliswa kwenkqubo ye-industrialization, kunye nokuqalisa iiprojekthi zemikhosi ezifana neprojekthi ethi "Iibhobho ezimbini, iSatellite enye" kunye neProjekthi 523. Yakhe imigaqo-nkqubo yangaphandle ngeli xesha yayilawulwa luqhekeko lwe-Sino-Soviet olwaqhuba umda phakathi kwe-China kunye ne-Soviet Union.
Ngomnyaka we-1955, uMao waqalisa umbutho weSufan, kwaye ngowe-1957 waqalisa iPhulo lokuNqanda iRightist, apho ubuncinci abantu abangama-550,000, uninzi lwabo babeziingqondi nabachasayo, batshutshiswa. Ngo-1958, wasungula i-Great Leap Forward eyayijolise ekuguquleni ngokukhawuleza uqoqosho lwase-China ukusuka kwi-agrarian ukuya kwi-industry, eyakhokelela kwiNdlala enkulu yaseTshayina kunye nokufa kwe-15-55 yezigidi zabantu phakathi kwe-1958 kunye ne-1962.
Ngomnyaka we-1963, uMao wasungula i-Socialist Education Movement, kwaye ngo-1966 waqalisa i-Cultural Revolution, inkqubo yokususa "i-counter-revolutionary" kuluntu lwaseTshayina olwathatha iminyaka eyi-10 kwaye yaphawulwa ngomzabalazo weklasi enobundlobongela, ukutshatyalaliswa ngokubanzi kwezinto zenkcubeko, kunye nokuphakama okungazange kubonwe ngaphambili konqulo lukaMao lobuntu.
Amashumi ezigidi zabantu atshutshiswa ngexesha leRevolution, ngelixa inani eliqikelelwayo lokufa lisusela kumakhulu amawaka ukuya kwizigidi. Emva kweminyaka eyimpilo enkenenkene, uMao wahlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo ngo-1976 waza wafa eneminyaka engama-82 ubudala. Ngexesha likaMao, inani labantu baseTshayina lakhula ukusuka malunga nezigidi ezingama-550 ukuya ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-900 ngelixa urhulumente enganyanzelisi ngokungqongqo umgaqo-nkqubo wocwangciso-ntsapho. .
Ngexesha lobunkokeli bakhe, iChina yayibandakanyeka kakhulu kunye nezinye iimfazwe zamakomanisi zaseAsia ezifana neMfazwe yaseKorea, iMfazwe yaseVietnam, kunye neMfazwe yamakhaya yaseCambodia. UMao uthathwa njengoyena mntu unempembelelo enkulu kwinkulungwane yama-20. U-Mao unikwe imbeko ngokuguqula i-China ukusuka kwi-semi-coloni ukuya kumandla ehlabathi ahamba phambili, enolwazi oluphambili lokufunda nokubhala, amalungelo abasetyhini, unyango olusisiseko, imfundo yamabanga aphantsi kunye nokuphucula ubomi bokuphila.
Imigaqo-nkqubo kaMao yayijongene nenani elikhulu lokufa, kunye noqikelelo olusuka kwi-40 ukuya kwi-80 yezigidi zamaxhoba ngenxa yendlala, intshutshiso, ukusebenza entolongweni, kunye nokubulawa kwabantu abaninzi, kwaye urhulumente wakhe wachazwa njengobuzwilakhe. Waba ngumntu oneengcamango kunye nempembelelo ebalaseleyo kwintshukumo yobukomanisi bamazwe ngamazwe, enikwe inkumbulo, ukuncoma kunye nenkolo yobuntu ngexesha nasemva kobomi bakhe.
Ezinye zeengcaphuno ezilungileyo ezivela kuMao Zedong zidweliswe ngezantsi.
- "Imvukelo yabantu kunye nenguquko yabantu ayiyondalo nje kodwa ayinakuphepheka." – Mao Zedong
- "Imeko yenguqu enokwenzeka ikhona kulo naliphi na ilizwe apho urhulumente esilela rhoqo kuxanduva lwakhe lokuqinisekisa ubuncinci umgangatho wobomi ophucukileyo kuninzi lwabemi bakhe." – Mao Zedong
- “Imvukelo yimvukelo, sisenzo sogonyamelo apho udidi oluthile lubhukuqa olunye.” – Mao Zedong
- “Inguquko asiyotheko langokuhlwa, okanye ukubhala isincoko, okanye ukupeyinta umfanekiso, okanye ukwenza imiluki; ayinakucocwa ngolo hlobo, ngokukhululeka nangokuthantamisa, ukuba ngcathu, ububele, imbeko, ukunqanda nokungazuzi nto.” – Mao Zedong
- "Zonke iimpendulo zizingwe zephepha." – Mao Zedong
- “Umkhosi wabantu awunakoyiswa!” – Mao Zedong
- "Umkhosi ongenankcubeko ngumkhosi ongenangqondo, kwaye umkhosi ongenangqondo awunakoyisa utshaba." – Mao Zedong
- “Iiklasi ziyazabalaza, ezinye iiklasi ziyoyisa, ezinye ziyakhutshwa. Injalo ke imbali; injalo imbali yempucuko kangangamawaka eminyaka.” – Mao Zedong
- “UbuKomanisi asilothando. UbuKomanisi sisando esisisebenzisa ukutyumza utshaba.” – Mao Zedong
- "Ludelele utshaba ngobuchule, kodwa mthathele ingqalelo." – Mao Zedong
- "Yenza wonke umntu obhinqileyo onokusebenza athathe indawo yakhe emsebenzini, phantsi komgaqo womvuzo olinganayo ngomsebenzi olinganayo." – Mao Zedong
- "Ububi abukho kwimfazwe yabanqolobi kodwa kuphela kwimisebenzi engacwangciswanga nengalungelelanisiyo eyi-anarchism." – Mao Zedong
- "Okokuqala, musani ukoyika ubunzima, kwaye okwesibini, musani ukoyika ukufa." – Mao Zedong
- "Ukulingana kokwenyani phakathi kwesini kunokufezekiswa kuphela kwinkqubo yenguqu yentlalontle yoluntu luphela." – Mao Zedong
- "Ndibiza abasebenzi, abalimi, kunye neengqondi eziguquguqukayo kuwo onke amazwe kunye nabo bonke abazimisele ukulwa ne-imperialism yase-US ukuba bathathe inyathelo kwaye bandise inkxaso eqinile kumzabalazo wabantu abaMnyama eUnited States!" – Mao Zedong
- “Ndiwabonile amandla amakhulu abantu abaninzi. Kwesi siseko kunokwenzeka ukuphumeza nawuphi na umsebenzi. ” – Mao Zedong
- "Ndikuvotele ngexesha lonyulo lwakho lokugqibela." – Mao Zedong
- Ukuba ufuna ukwazi incasa yepere, kufuneka uyitshintshe ngokuyitya ngokwakho. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ithiyori kunye neendlela zerevolution, kufuneka uthathe inxaxheba kwirevolution. Lonke ulwazi lokwenene luvela kumava angqalileyo.” – Mao Zedong
- "I-imperialism ayisayi kuhlala ixesha elide kuba ihlala isenza izinto ezimbi." – Mao Zedong
- Ngokubanzi, naluphi na uhlobo lokuzilolonga, ukuba luqhutywa ngokuqhubekayo, luya kusinceda ekuqeqesheni ukunyamezela. Ukubaleka umgama omde kuluqeqesho olulungileyo lokunyamezela.” – Mao Zedong
- “Ngexesha lobunzima, akufuneki siphulukane nombono wempumelelo yethu.” – Mao Zedong
- “Xa uvusa ingwe, sebenzisa intonga ende.” – Mao Zedong
- “Uphando lusenokufaniswa neenyanga ezinde zokukhulelwa, nokucombulula ingxaki nomhla wokuzalwa. Ukuphanda ingxaki, ngokwenene, kukuyisombulula.” – Mao Zedong
- "Kungatshiwo ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ukuwa okupheleleyo kobukoloniyali, impiriyali, kunye nazo zonke iinkqubo zokuxhaphaza, kunye nenkululeko epheleleyo yabo bonke abantu abacinezelweyo kunye nezizwe zehlabathi azikude." – Mao Zedong
- "Gcina utshaba ebumnyameni malunga nokuba imikhosi yethu iza kuhlasela phi kwaye nini." – Mao Zedong
- “Funda ebantwini, emva koko ubafundise.” – Mao Zedong
- "Makudubule ikhulu leentyatyambo, makukhuphisane ikhulu leengcamango." – Mao Zedong
- “Mazidubule ikhulu leentyatyambo.” – Mao Zedong
- "Ukuvumela iintyatyambo ezilikhulu zityatyambe kunye nekhulu lezikolo zeengcinga ezikhuphisanayo ngumgaqo-nkqubo wokukhuthaza inkqubela phambili yezobugcisa nesayensi kunye nenkcubeko ekhulayo kwilizwe lethu." – Mao Zedong
- "I-Marxism inamawaka eenyaniso, kodwa zonke zifikelela kwisivakalisi esinye: kulungile ukuvukela." – Mao Zedong
- Nje ukuba wonke umzabalazo ubanjiwe, imimangaliso inokwenzeka. – Mao Zedong
- “Isimo sethu sengqondo ngathi sifanele sibe ‘kukuba saneliseke ekufundeni’ size sibhekise kwabanye ‘singadinwa ekufundiseni’.” – Mao Zedong
- “Ukungakhathali kuyasibulala. Injongo yethu kukwenza utshaba luthule.” – Mao Zedong
- "Abantu abafana nam bavakala ngathi ziinkanunu ezininzi." – Mao Zedong
- "Abantu behlabathi liphela, manyanani ngokusondele ngakumbi kwaye niqalise uhlaselo oluzinzileyo nolunamandla ngokuchasene notshaba lwethu olufanayo, i-imperialism yase-US, kunye nezinto ezihambisana nayo!" – Mao Zedong
- "Amandla ezopolitiko aphuma kumbhobho wompu." – Mao Zedong
- "Umsebenzi wezopolitiko usisiseko sayo yonke imisebenzi yezoqoqosho." – Mao Zedong
- "Ezopolitiko yimfazwe ngaphandle kwegazi ngelixa imfazwe ipolitiki ngokuphalazwa kwegazi." – Mao Zedong
- “Ukudumba entloko, imilenze ibuthathaka, ibukhali ngolwimi kodwa ingenanto esiswini.” – Mao Zedong
- “Umkhosi mawube nto-nye nabantu ukuze bawubone njengomkhosi wabo. Umkhosi onjalo awuyi kubonakala. ”… – Mao Zedong
- “Ibhombu yeathom lihlosi elisetyenziswa yiUnited States ukoyikisa abantu. Kubonakala kubi, kodwa enyanisweni akunjalo. ” – Mao Zedong
- "Uxanduva oluphambili lobunkokeli kukuchonga eyona mpikiswano iphambili kwindawo nganye yenkqubo yembali kunye nokwenza umgca ongundoqo wokuyicombulula." – Mao Zedong
- "Iqela lamaKomanisi kufuneka lilawule imipu." – Mao Zedong
- Iiyantlukwano phakathi kwabahlobo zibomeleza ubuhlobo babo. – Mao Zedong
- "Inkqubo embi ye-colonialism kunye ne-impiriyali yavela kwaye yaqhubela phambili kunye nokukhotyokiswa kwamaNegro kunye norhwebo kwi-Negroes, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo iya kufikelela esiphelweni sayo ngokukhululeka okupheleleyo kwabantu abaMnyama." – Mao Zedong
- “Indoda enkulu, uGenghis Khan, yayisazi kuphela ukutola amaxhalanga ngotolo. Ixesha elidlulileyo lidlule. Ukubona amaqhawe okwenene, jonga okungqongileyo. " – Mao Zedong
- "Umgulukudu kufuneka ahambe phakathi kwabantu njengoko intlanzi idada elwandle." – Mao Zedong
- "Oyena mntu uhlekisayo ehlabathini "lulwazi" olufumana ulwazi oluninzi kwaye livakalise ukuba "ligunya eliphambili lehlabathi". – Mao Zedong
- "Abantu, kunye nabantu bodwa, bangamandla ashukumisayo ekwenzeni imbali yehlabathi." – Mao Zedong
- "Umzabalazo wabantu abaMnyama eUnited States wokukhululwa yinxalenye yomzabalazo jikelele wabo bonke abantu behlabathi ngokuchasene ne-imperialism yase-US, inxalenye yenguqu yehlabathi yangoku." – Mao Zedong
- “Ihlabathi liphela liqaqambe kakhulu. Okukhona amafu amnyama, kokukhona kukhanya ngakumbi. – Mao Zedong
- “Kukho utyekelo olunzulu kubukhapitali phakathi kwabalimi abami kakuhle.” – Mao Zedong
- “Enyanisweni akukho nto injengobugcisa ngenxa yobugcisa, ubugcisa obume ngaphezu kweeklasi, ubugcisa obuzishiyileyo okanye obuzimeleyo kwezopolitiko. Uncwadi lweproletarian kunye nobugcisa yinxalenye yenguqu epheleleyo yabasebenzi. " – Mao Zedong
- “Lo mkhosi unamandla kuba onke amalungu awo aqeqeshekile; baye bahlanganisana yaye abalweli izilangazelelo zabucala zabantu abambalwa okanye iqela elimxinwa, kodwa zilwela izilangazelelo zabantu ngokubanzi nezesizwe siphela.” – Mao Zedong
- “Ukufunda iincwadi ezininzi kuyingozi.” – Mao Zedong
- “Ukuvukela kuyathetheleleka.” – Mao Zedong
- "Imfazwe inokupheliswa kuphela ngemfazwe, kwaye ukuze ukhuphe umpu kufuneka uthathe umpu." – Mao Zedong
- "Imfazwe, eli rhamncwa libulala abantu, liya kupheliswa ekugqibeleni yinkqubela yoluntu, kwaye nakwikamva elingekude kakhulu." – Mao Zedong
- "Singabameli bokupheliswa kwemfazwe, asifuni imfazwe, kodwa imfazwe inokupheliswa kuphela ngemfazwe, kwaye ukuze kususwe umpu kuyimfuneko ukuthatha umpu." – Mao Zedong
- "Asizizo ii-utopians kwaye asinako ukuziqhawula kwezona meko sijongene nazo." – Mao Zedong
- "Siza kuwaphilisa amanxeba ethu, siqokelele abafileyo bethu kwaye siqhubeke nokulwa." – Mao Zedong
- "Kufuneka sixhase nantoni na echaswa lutshaba kwaye siyichase nantoni na exhaswa lutshaba." – Mao Zedong
- “Sicinga ukuba sincinci kakhulu, njengesele elisezantsi equleni. Ucinga ukuba isibhakabhaka sikhulu nje ngomphezulu wequla. Ukuba ebenokuvela, ebeya kuba nembono eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo.” – Mao Zedong
- “Izixhobo zibalulekile emfazweni, kodwa kungekhona eyona nto ibalulekileyo; yindoda kungekhona izinto eziphathekayo ezibalulekileyo.” – Mao Zedong
- “Abafazi babambe isiqingatha sesibhakabhaka.” – Mao Zedong
- "Awunakuba ngumguquli ukuba awutyi itshilisi." – Mao Zedong