Magalimoto onse opanga amayenera kupangitsa magalimoto awo kukhala ndi kachipangizo kamodzi ka oxygen komanso chosinthira chowunikira kuti chiwonetsetse mpweya wotuluka, kuwunika ndikuwongolera kuchokera kumavuto owopsa asanafike kuwononga mlengalenga. Chosinthira chothandizira ndi chida chowongolera utsi chomwe chimachepetsa mpweya wa poizoni ndi zoipitsa mu utsi wa utsi kuchokera ku injini yoyaka mkati kukhala zowononga poizoni poyambitsa kusintha kwa redox (oxidation ndi kuchepetsa reaction).
Mitundu yosinthira othandizira nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi injini zoyaka zamkati zoyendetsedwa ndi mafuta kapena dizilo. Chosinthira chothandizira chimapezeka pamakina otentha a injini yoyaka mkati mutangotha kutulutsa kochuluka. Pokhala ndi timatabwa tating'onoting'ono tomwe tapangidwa ndi zisa za uchi zomwe zimakhala mthupi lalikulu kutsogolo ndi lachiwiri kulowera kotuluka. Chipika choyamba cha ceramic chimakhala ndi platinamu ndi zitsulo za rhodium.
Mzere wachiwiri uli ndi platinamu ndi miyala ya palladium. Chojambulira cha oxygen (banki 1) imayikidwa pafupi ndi chosinthira chothandizira kuti athe kuwerenga kuchuluka kwa mpweya (mafuta osapsa) m'dongosolo ndikupereka mayankho pamakompyuta a injini kuti awerengere molondola komanso kusintha kwakusintha kulikonse kosalala kuthamanga kwa injini.
Chojambulira chachiwiri cha oxygen (banki 2) chitha kukhazikitsidwa pambuyo pothandizira kuti athandizire thanzi la wotembenukayo. Chojambulira cha Bank 2 oxygen chimayambitsa kuyatsa kwa injini zowunikira nthawi zonse pamene chosinthira chothandizira sichingathe, izi sizitanthauza kuti wotembenuza wothandizira ayenera kuchotsedwa kapena kusinthidwa.
Ngakhale otembenuza othandizira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri potulutsa magetsi m'galimoto, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamagetsi amagetsi, mbaula zamatabwa, maofesi, zopangira migodi, magalimoto, mabasi, sitima, njinga zamoto, komanso zombo. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa injini zowotcha komanso zopangira palafini ndi masitovu a nkhuni kuwongolera mpweya.
Momwe chosinthira chothandizira chimagwirira ntchito
Nthawi zonse pamene injini ikuyendetsa chinthu chamoto ndikutulutsa kwa utsi, zotulutsa izi zimakhala;
- Mpweya wa monixide
- Mavitamini a nitrojeni
- Ma Hydrocarbons
Mafuta onsewa omwe ali pamwambapa ndi owopsa kwa ozoni komanso kwa anthu onse. Pamene mpweya umadutsa mu block yoyamba ya platinamu ndi rhodium, zitsulo zoyambirira zimayenderana ndi nitrogen oxides kuti zisinthe kukhala nayitrogeni ndi mpweya wa oxygen (wopanda vuto). Kenako mpweya wonsewo umasunthira kumtunda wachiwiri. Apa carbon monoxide imagwira ndi mpweya kuti ipange carbon dioxide. Ma hydrocarboni osayaka amathandizanso ndi mpweya kuti apange madzi ndi kaboni dayokisaidi.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake madzi nthawi zambiri amawoneka akutuluka kunja kwa utsi m'mawa ndikusandulika ngati nthunzi yotentha ikangotentha. Chifukwa chake isanachitike kapena pambuyo pake chosinthira chothandizira chinyezi chimasinthika kuchokera kufiira kupita kubuluu motere; carbon monoxide> amasintha kukhala carbon dioxide ndi nitrogen oxide> amasintha kukhala nayitrogeni ndi ma hydrocarboni a oxygen> kusintha kwamadzi ndi carbon dioxide. Izi zikutanthauza kupezeka kwa matabwa a ceramic, magalasi ofiira ofiyira onse achepetsedwa kukhala mpweya wabwino.
Chifukwa chiyani chosinthira chothandizira chimasungidwa kwambiri ndi ogulitsa mumsika wakuda?
Chifukwa chakupezeka kwazitsulo zamtengo wapatali mkati mwa bolodi yoyamba ndi yachiwiri, msika wakuda ndiwokonzeka kuchita chilichonse kuti mutulutse othandizira anu mgalimoto yanu ngati ikugwirabe ntchito kapena ayi ... izi zitha kugulitsidwa kutsidya kwa nyanja chifukwa chophwanya ndikuchotsa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zobwezeretsanso. Kilo imodzi ya phukusi la zisa lingagule ndalama zoposa $ 500 mumsika wakuda.
Eni magalimoto agulitsidwa ndi akatswiri kuti awachotse otembenuza othandizira kuti azikama ndalama kuchokera kumsika wakuda makamaka ngati injini yowunikira ibwera ndi nambala yovuta ya P0420. Izi zitha kukhala cholakwika cha oxygen kapena chothandizira chokhazikika chomwe chitha kutsukidwa ndipo mwatsala pang'ono kupita. Chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwa zinthu pakupanga, zawonetsa kuti ndizovuta kuti otembenuza othandizira azigulitsidwa kwanuko m'maiko ambiri.
Chifukwa cha malo akunja komanso kugwiritsa ntchito miyala yamtengo wapatali kuphatikizapo platinamu, palladium ndi rhodium, otembenuza othandizira ndiwo chandamale cha akuba. Vutoli ndilofala makamaka pagalimoto zamagalimoto am'mbuyomu ndi ma SUV, chifukwa chotsitsimula kwambiri ndikuchotsa otembenuza othandizira.
Zosintha pazowotchera zilinso pachiwopsezo chakuba, chifukwa zimatha kudulidwa mosavuta. Odulira chitoliro nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa mwakachetechete chosinthira koma zida zina monga macheka obwezeretsanso amatha kuwononga zinthu zina mgalimoto, monga alternator, waya kapena mafuta, motero, pamakhala zotsatira zoyipa.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kusintha kwa othandizira ndi momwe mungapewere izi
Pali zifukwa zosiyanasiyana zosinthira othandizira koma tizingolankhula pazofala kwambiri.
- Nthawi zonse sinthani magawo anu ochezera munthawi yake ndikungoyika magawo enieni ndi kupitilira. Zosefera zakuda (zosefera zamafuta, zosefera mpweya, ndi zosefera zamafuta) zikutanthauza kuti injini yanu ikuvutika kupuma chifukwa chake kuyaka kosakwanira, izi zitha kupangitsa kuti chosinthira chothandizira kuti chiyeretse chisokonezocho chizitsekeka posachedwa.
- Pewani kukonzanso injini mwadzidzidzi. Injini yanu mwina imakhala yolemera kapena yowonda koma kompyuta yamagalimoto nthawi zonse imasinthira magawo pawokha kuti injiniyo ikhale yosangalatsa. Mukagunda ma rev mwadzidzidzi kapena kuwagwetsa nthawi yomweyo pamakhala kuchedwa pakompyuta yagalimoto kuwerengera ndikusintha magawo kuti akwaniritse bwino. Munthawi yochedwa iyi pamakhala mpweya wambiri woipa womwe umapangitsa kuti chosinthiracho chizinyowetsa ndi zonyansa. Nthawi zonse khalani odekha pakamwa pokhapokha ngati pachitika ngozi.
- Pewani kuyimitsa injini pamayendedwe okwera kwambiri kwa nthawi yayitali kuti chosinthiracho chiyale. Izi zipangitsa kuti mankhwala a zinthu zomwe zimayankhidwa atayidwe molingana ndi zomwe zimafooketsa luso lawo logwira ntchito bwino.
Kodi chosinthira chothandizira chokhazikika chingakonzedwenso?
Chotembenuza chothandizira chimagwira malire ena. Malire ochepera a ophunzitsira athandiza kumene kutseka ndipo malire apamwamba chifukwa chadzaza kwathunthu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti wothandizira samangobindikira kamodzi ndikupita kumtunda. M'magawo oyambilira a code P0420a othandizira othandizira amatha kuchotsedwa atayikidwa mu detergent kwa usiku wonse, kutsukidwa ndikubwezerezedwanso mgalimoto. Ngati sizinali pamalire apamwamba ziyenera kugwira bwino ntchito. Zotsatira zidzakhala bwino makamaka ngati chisa cha uchi sichasweka.