Kleptomania ndi vuto lovuta komanso losamvetsetseka bwino lomwe limadziwika ndi kufunitsitsa kuba zinthu zomwe sizikufunika kuti munthu azigwiritsa ntchito kapena kupeza ndalama. Anthu omwe ali ndi kleptomania amamva kupsinjika maganizo kapena kudzutsidwa kusanachitike kuba, kutsatiridwa ndi mpumulo kwakanthawi kapena kukhutira pambuyo pake. Ngakhale akudziwa kuti kuba ndi kolakwika kapena kosaloledwa, anthu omwe ali ndi kleptomania zimawavuta kukana zilakolako, zomwe zimadzetsa kupsinjika ndi kuwonongeka kwakukulu m'mbali zosiyanasiyana za moyo.
Mitundu ya kleptomania
Kleptomania nthawi zambiri imawoneka ngati matenda amodzi, koma imatha kuwonekera m'njira zosiyanasiyana kutengera momwe munthu alili komanso zifukwa zake. Ngakhale kuti sipangakhale "mitundu" yosiyana ya kleptomania mofanana ndi matenda ena a m'maganizo omwe ali ndi subtypes, monga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kuvutika maganizo kapena nkhawa, pali kusiyana kwa momwe kleptomania imasonyezera ndi zochitika ndi anthu.
a. Kleptomania yoyera
Uwu ndi mtundu wakale wa kleptomania womwe umadziwika ndi kufunitsitsa kuba zinthu zomwe sizikhala zamtengo wapatali komanso zosafunikira kwa munthu. Kuba kumayendetsedwa ndi zinthu zongofuna kapena mokakamizika m'malo mongofuna zinthu zomwe zabedwazo. Kleptomania yoyera imadziwika ndi kupsinjika maganizo kapena kudzutsidwa kusanachitike kuba, kutsatiridwa ndi mpumulo kwakanthawi kapena kukhutira pambuyo pake.
b. Sekondale kleptomania
Nthawi zina, kleptomania imatha kuchitika yachiwiri ku zovuta zina zamaganizidwe kapena zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), bipolar disorder, kapena vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatha kukhala ndi zochitika za kleptomania chifukwa cha zoyambitsa kapena zochitika za kupsinjika maganizo kwakukulu. Sekondale kleptomania ingakhale ndi zizindikiro zowonjezera kapena makhalidwe okhudzana ndi zomwe zikuchitika.
Zifukwa za kleptomania
Zomwe zimayambitsa kleptomania sizikudziwikabe, koma kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti kuphatikiza kwachilengedwe, maganizo, ndi chilengedwe kungathandizire kukula kwake. Kumvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa izi kungapereke chidziwitso chazovuta za matendawa.
a. Zinthu zamoyo
Pali umboni wosonyeza kuti ma genetic ndi neurobiological factor amathandizira pa kleptomania. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri ya banja la vuto lodziletsa, kuphatikizapo kleptomania, akhoza kukhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi vutoli. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wa neuroimaging apeza zolakwika m'malo aubongo omwe amalumikizidwa ndi kuwongolera mwachangu komanso kukonza mphotho mwa anthu omwe ali ndi kleptomania, zomwe zikuwonetsa kusiyana komwe kumachitika muubongo.
b. Psychological zinthu
Malingaliro amalingaliro amalingalira kuti kleptomania ikhoza kukhala ngati njira yothanirana ndi kupsinjika maganizo, nkhawa, kapena mikangano yosathetsedwa yamalingaliro. Zochitika zoopsa kapena zovuta zaubwana, monga kunyalanyazidwa, kuzunzidwa, kapena kutayika, zingapangitse kuti kleptomania iyambe mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu omwe ali ndi kleptomania amatha kudwala matenda am'maganizo monga kupsinjika maganizo, nkhawa, kapena kusokonezeka kwa umunthu, zomwe zimatha kukulitsa zizindikiro ndikupangitsa chithandizo.
c. Zinthu zachidziwitso
Malingaliro ozindikira a kleptomania amasonyeza kuti malingaliro opotoka ndi zikhulupiriro za kuba zingathandize kukulitsa kapena kukonza vutoli. Mwachitsanzo, anthu omwe ali ndi kleptomania akhoza kulungamitsa kapena kulungamitsa khalidwe lawo lakuba mwa kusokoneza maganizo monga kuchepetsa (“Ndi chinthu chaching’ono, zilibe kanthu”) kapena kuyenerera (“Ndiyenera kuchita zimenezi”). Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) cholinga chake ndi kuzindikira ndi kutsutsa zosokoneza zamaganizo izi kuti zilimbikitse kuganiza mozama komanso kuchepetsa makhalidwe akuba.
d. Zinthu zachilengedwe
Zisonkhezero za chilengedwe, monga zochitika za m'banja, maubwenzi a anzanu, kapena kukhudzana ndi makhalidwe okhudzana ndi kuba, zingathandizenso kuti kleptomania ipangidwe. Mwachitsanzo, kukulira m'dera limene kuba kumakhala kozolowereka kapena kulekerera kungayambitse kleptomania. Kuonjezera apo, zovuta za moyo, mavuto azachuma, kapena zovuta zamagulu zimatha kuyambitsa kapena kukulitsa khalidwe lakuba mwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo.
e. Chitsanzo cha Biopsychosocial
Chitsanzo cha biopsychosocial cha kleptomania chimaphatikiza zinthu zamoyo, zamaganizidwe, ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu kuti amvetsetse kuchuluka kwa matendawa. Malinga ndi chitsanzo ichi, kleptomania imachokera ku kugwirizana kwa chibadwa cha chibadwa, kuwonongeka kwa neurobiological, njira zamaganizidwe, ndi zochitika zachilengedwe. Zomwe munthu aliyense amakumana nazo pa kleptomania ndizopadera, zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kusagwirizana kwazinthu izi.
Zizindikiro za kleptomania
Kleptomania imadziŵika ndi zizindikiro zinazake zomwe zimaphatikizapo makhalidwe akuba mobwerezabwereza ndi zovuta kukana zikhumbo kapena zikhumbo za kuba. Zizindikirozi zimatha kukhala zovuta kwambiri ndipo zimatha kuyambitsa kupsinjika kwakukulu kapena kuwonongeka m'mbali zosiyanasiyana za moyo.
a. Zilakolako zakuba
Anthu omwe ali ndi kleptomania amakumana ndi zilakolako zamphamvu, zobwerezabwereza kapena kulakalaka kuba zinthu zomwe sizikhala zamtengo wapatali komanso zosafunikira kwa munthu aliyense. Zilakolako zimenezi zikhoza kutsagana ndi kukangana, kusangalala, kapena kudzutsidwa kumene kumatsogolera ku kuba.
b. Kulephera kukana zilakolako
Ngakhale akudziwa kuti kuba ndi kolakwika kapena kosaloledwa, ndipo amakhala ndi malingaliro olakwa, manyazi, kapena nkhawa pambuyo pake, anthu omwe ali ndi kleptomania zimawavuta kukana kapena kuletsa chilakolako chakuba. Angayesetse mobwerezabwereza kusiya kapena kuchepetsa khalidwe lawo la kuba.
c. Kuba osakonzekera
Mosiyana ndi kuba kapena kuba m’masitolo, kumene nthaŵi zambiri kumafuna kukonzekera mwatu kapena kukonzekera, kleptomania imadziŵika ndi kuba mopupuluma, popanda kukonzekera kapena kulingalira. Kuba kumayendetsedwa ndi zilakolako zadzidzidzi, zosatsutsika m'malo mopanga zisankho zomveka.
d. Zinthu zobedwa zamtengo wapatali
Zinthu zabedwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi kleptomania nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda phindu ndipo sizingakhale zothandiza kapena zofunikira kwa munthuyo. Zinthu zomwe nthawi zambiri zimabedwa zimaphatikizapo zinthu zing'onozing'ono, zotsika mtengo monga zolembera, zodzola, zokhwasula-khwasula, kapena zovala.
e. Kumva mpumulo kapena kukhutitsidwa
Pambuyo pa kuba, anthu omwe ali ndi kleptomania amatha kukhala ndi mpumulo kwakanthawi, kukhutira, kapena chisangalalo. Kuba kumakupatsani mwayi wothawirako pang'ono ku nkhawa, nkhawa, kapena kupsinjika maganizo, ngakhale kuti mpumulowu ndi waufupi ndipo nthawi zambiri umatsatiridwa ndi kudziimba mlandu kapena kudzimvera chisoni.
f. Makhalidwe osungira
Anthu ena omwe ali ndi kleptomania amatha kuwonetsa zizolowezi zosungira, kudziunjikira zinthu zakuba popanda kugwiritsa ntchito kapena mtengo. Zinthu zabedwazo zikhoza kubisidwa kapena kusungidwa, ndipo munthuyo angavutike kuzitaya, ngakhale zitakhala zopanda ntchito.
g. Khalidwe lachinsinsi
Anthu omwe ali ndi kleptomania nthawi zambiri amachita zinthu zoba mobisa, kubisa zochita zawo kwa achibale, anzawo, kapena akuluakulu aboma. Angayesetse kubisa khalidwe lawo lakuba, monga kupeŵa kuzindikiridwa ndi makamera achitetezo kapena ogwira ntchito m’sitolo.
h. Kukhumudwa kapena kuwonongeka
Kleptomania ingayambitse kupsinjika maganizo kapena kuwonongeka kwakukulu m'madera osiyanasiyana a moyo, kuphatikizapo mavuto a chikhalidwe, ntchito, kapena malamulo. Kubera kungayambitse mavuto mu maubwenzi, kutaya chikhulupiriro, mavuto azachuma, kapena zotsatira zalamulo monga kumangidwa kapena kuimbidwa mlandu.
Matenda a kleptomania
Kumvetsetsa magawo a kleptomania kungapereke zidziwitso za momwe matendawa akupitira komanso kuthandiza anthu kuzindikira zovuta zomwe zimachitika msanga. Ngakhale magawo a kleptomania amatha kusiyana pakati pa anthu komanso kuopsa kwa matendawa, pali njira zomwe anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi kleptomania amakumana nazo.
a. Chochitika choyambitsa
Kuyamba kwa kleptomania nthawi zambiri kumayamba ndi chochitika chomwe chimayambitsa kupsinjika maganizo, nkhawa, kapena kupsinjika maganizo mwa munthuyo. Choyambitsa ichi chikhoza kukhala chamkati (mwachitsanzo, kupsinjika maganizo, kunyong'onyeka, kukhumudwa) kapena kunja (mwachitsanzo, kukhudzana ndi zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi kuba, mikangano m'mabwenzi). Chochitika choyambitsacho chimakhala ngati chothandizira kuwonekera kwa chilakolako chakuba, kupereka kuthawa kwakanthawi kapena mpumulo ku malingaliro oipa.
b. Limbikitsani kuwonjezereka
Pamene choyambitsacho chikupita patsogolo, chilakolako chakuba chimakula, ndipo kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kukana kapena kulamulira. Anthu omwe ali ndi kleptomania amatha kukhala ndi chisangalalo, kuyembekezera, kapena kudzutsidwa pamene chilakolako chofuna kuba chimakula kwambiri.
c. Kukonzekera ndi kukonzekera
Panthawi imeneyi, anthu amatha kukonzekera ndi kukonzekera kuba, ngakhale kuti kukonzekera kungakhale kochepa kapena mopupuluma. Atha kuzindikira zomwe angachite, kuwunika kuopsa kwa kugwidwa, ndikukonzekera njira zochitira kuba popanda kuzindikira.
d. Mchitidwe wakuba
Kuba kumachitika munthu akagonja ku chikhumbo chachikulu chakuba ndikumaba. Kuba kungathe kuchitika m’malo osiyanasiyana, monga m’masitolo, kuntchito, kapena kumapwando, ndipo kungaphatikizepo zinthu zachabechabe zongosankha mwachisawawa.
e. Chisangalalo chamsanga
Pambuyo pa kuba, anthu omwe ali ndi kleptomania amatha kupeza chisangalalo, mpumulo, kapena chisangalalo. Kuba kumapereka mpumulo kwakanthawi kuchokera kumalingaliro omwe amakhalapo kapena nkhawa, zomwe zimalimbitsa machitidwe akuba.
f. Zotsatira zakuba
Pambuyo pa kuba, munthu akhoza kukhala ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana, monga kudziimba mlandu, manyazi, kudzimvera chisoni, komanso kuda nkhawa ndi zotsatirapo za zomwe adachita. Angayese kubisa kapena kulungamitsa khalidwe lawo, kuchepetsa kukhudzika kwa kuba, kapena kupeŵa kuzindikiridwa mwa kutaya zinthu zomwe abedwa kapena kukana kulowererapo ngati atakumana nazo.
g. Kubwerezabwereza
Ngakhale zotsatirapo zoipa kapena kuyesa kukana chikhumbo cha kuba, anthu omwe ali ndi kleptomania nthawi zambiri amapezeka kuti ali m'chizoloŵezi chakuba mobwerezabwereza. Kuzunguliraku kungapitirire pamene munthuyo akufunafuna zoyambitsa zatsopano kapena mwayi woba, kupititsa patsogolo vutoli pakapita nthawi ndikupangitsa kuchulukira kwamavuto ndi kuwonongeka.
Kuzindikira kwa kleptomania
Kuzindikira kleptomania kumaphatikizapo kuunika mwatsatanetsatane ndi katswiri wodziwa zamaganizo, makamaka katswiri wa zamaganizo kapena katswiri wa zamaganizo, kuti awone zizindikiro za munthuyo, mbiri yachipatala, ndi zifukwa zilizonse zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli. Ngakhale palibe mayeso enieni a labotale kapena maphunziro oyerekeza kuti azindikire kleptomania, njira yodziwira matenda ingaphatikizepo njira zingapo.
a. Kuwunika kwachipatala
Njira yodziwira matenda imayamba ndikuwunika bwino zachipatala, pomwe katswiri wa zamaganizo amakambirana mwatsatanetsatane ndi munthuyo kuti asonkhanitse zambiri za zizindikiro zawo, makhalidwe awo, ndi mbiri yake. Dokotala angafunse za kuchuluka, nthawi, ndi kuopsa kwa khalidwe lakuba, komanso zoyambitsa kapena machitidwe okhudzana ndi kuba. Ndikofunikira kuti dokotala akhazikitse maubwenzi okhulupilika ndi osaweruzika ndi munthuyo kuti alimbikitse kulankhulana momasuka komanso kupereka lipoti lolondola la zizindikiro zake.
b. Ndemanga ya mbiri yachipatala
Sing'anga adzayang'ana mbiri yachipatala ya munthuyo, kuphatikizapo matenda aliwonse akale kapena amakono, mankhwala, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe angakhale okhudzana ndi kufotokozera kwa kleptomania. Matenda ena, monga kuvulala kwa ubongo, kusokonezeka kwa ubongo, kapena kusokonezeka kwa mankhwala, akhoza kutsanzira zizindikiro za kleptomania kapena kuthandizira kuti pakhale zovuta zowonongeka.
c. Kuwunika kwamisala
Kuunika kwamisala kumapangidwa kuti awone ngati pali zovuta zilizonse zokhudzana ndi thanzi lamalingaliro zomwe zingayambitse kapena kukulitsa zizindikiro za kleptomania. Mavuto omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri amaphatikizanso kusokonezeka kwamalingaliro (mwachitsanzo, kukhumudwa, kukhumudwa), kusokonezeka kwa nkhawa, kusokonezeka kwamalingaliro (OCD), komanso kusokonezeka kwa umunthu.
d. Njira zodziwira matenda
Kuzindikira kwa kleptomania kumatengera njira zomwe zafotokozedwa mu Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), lofalitsidwa ndi American Psychiatric Association. Malinga ndi ndondomeko ya DSM-5, kleptomania imadziwika ndi zochitika zobwerezabwereza za kuba zinthu zomwe sizikufunika kuti munthu azigwiritsa ntchito payekha kapena pamtengo wamtengo wapatali, zomwe zimatsagana ndi kupsinjika maganizo kapena kudzutsidwa musanayambe kuba komanso kumva kukhutira kapena mpumulo pambuyo pake. Kubera sikumayenderana bwino ndi matenda ena amisala, vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kapena matenda, ndipo sikumasonkhezeredwa ndi mkwiyo, kubwezera, kapena ziwonetsero.
e. Kuzindikira kosiyana
Ndikofunikira kuti achipatala asiyanitse kleptomania ndi mikhalidwe ina yomwe ingaphatikizepo khalidwe lakuba kapena zovuta zodziletsa. Kuzindikira kosiyanasiyana kungaphatikizepo kusokonezeka kwamakhalidwe, kusagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zovuta zina zowongolera (monga kuphulika kwapakatikati, pyromania), kapena kuba komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zochitika zamatsenga kapena zikhulupiriro zabodza.
f. Zambiri zachikole
Kupeza zidziwitso zachikole kuchokera kwa achibale, abwenzi, kapena malo ena kungapereke chidziwitso chowonjezereka pa khalidwe la munthuyo, machitidwe ake, ndi maubwenzi ake. Chidziwitso cha chikole chingathandize kutsimikizira zizindikiro zodziwonetsera, kuzindikira machitidwe, ndi kuwunika momwe kleptomania imakhudzira mbali zosiyanasiyana za moyo wa munthuyo.
g. Multidisciplinary assessment
Kutengera zosowa ndi zochitika za munthu, njira yodziwira matenda ingaphatikizepo mgwirizano ndi akatswiri ena azachipatala, monga madokotala osamalira odwala, akatswiri amisala, kapena akatswiri oledzera, kuti athetse vuto lachipatala kapena kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe zimachitika.
h. Malingaliro a chikhalidwe
Madokotala ayenera kuganizira za chikhalidwe ndi zikhalidwe zomwe zingakhudze kuwonetsera ndi kutanthauzira kwa zizindikiro, komanso maganizo okhudzana ndi kufunafuna chithandizo kapena kuulula zambiri zokhudzana ndi kleptomania.
Kupewa kleptomania
Kupewa kleptomania kumaphatikizapo kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe zingachitike, kulimbikitsa njira zabwino zothanirana ndi vutolo, ndikupanga malo othandizira omwe amachepetsa mwayi wochita nawo machitidwe akuba. Ngakhale kuti sizingatheke kupewa kleptomania kwathunthu, pali njira zingapo zomwe anthu, mabanja, midzi, ndi opereka chithandizo chamankhwala angagwiritse ntchito kuti achepetse chiopsezo choyambitsa kapena kukulitsa vutoli.
a. Kuwongolera kupsinjika
Kuphunzira njira zochepetsera kupsinjika kungathandize anthu kuthana ndi zovuta komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotembenukira ku zizolowezi zoyipa monga kuba ngati njira yothandizira. Njira monga kusinkhasinkha, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kupuma pang'onopang'ono, kapena kuchita zinthu zosangalatsa zingathandize anthu kuthana ndi kupsinjika maganizo m'njira zabwino.
b. Maluso abwino olimbana nawo
Kuphunzitsa anthu maluso othana ndi mavuto komanso njira zothetsera mavuto kungawathandize kuthana ndi zovuta kapena zoyambitsa popanda kuchita kuba. Kulimbikitsa kulankhulana momasuka, kuphunzitsa kudzidalira, ndi luso lotha kuthetsa mikangano kungathandize anthu kufotokoza zosowa ndi malingaliro awo m'njira zolimbikitsa.
c. Thandizo la anthu
Kukulitsa maukonde amphamvu othandizira anthu kungapangitse anthu kukhala ndi chidwi, kutsimikizika, ndi chilimbikitso kuti apeze chithandizo ndikuchita bwino. Kulimbikitsa mayanjano abwino ndi achibale, abwenzi, anzanu, kapena magulu othandizira kumatha kupewetsa malingaliro odzipatula kapena kusungulumwa komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo chochita makhalidwe oipa.
d. Maphunziro ndi kuzindikira
Kuchulukitsa kuzindikira kwa anthu ndi kumvetsetsa za kleptomania kungathandize kuchepetsa kusalana, kulimbikitsa kuzindikira koyambirira kwa zizindikiro, ndi kulimbikitsa anthu kupeza chithandizo pakafunika. Kupereka maphunziro okhudzana ndi zizindikiro ndi zotsatira za kleptomania m'masukulu, malo ogwira ntchito, ndi malo ammudzi kungathandize kudziwitsa anthu ndi kulimbikitsa chifundo ndi chithandizo kwa anthu okhudzidwa.
e. Kusamalira ndalama
Kupititsa patsogolo luso la zachuma ndi luso loyendetsa bwino ndalama kungathandize anthu kupanga zisankho zomveka bwino pakugwiritsa ntchito ndalama komanso kuchepetsa chiyeso choba chifukwa chofuna ndalama. Kupereka upangiri waupangiri wazachuma kapena thandizo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lazachuma kungathandize kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe zingayambitse komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotengera khalidwe lakuba.
f. Kuwongolera zachilengedwe
Kukhazikitsa zowongolera zachilengedwe, monga kuwongolera njira zotetezera m'malo ogulitsa kapena kuyang'anira malo omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, kungathandize kuletsa mikhalidwe yakuba ndikuchepetsa mwayi wakuba. Kupereka maphunziro ndi chithandizo kwa ogwira ntchito pa njira zopewera kuba komanso kuzindikira zizindikiro zochenjeza za kleptomania kungathandize kulimbikitsa malo otetezeka komanso otetezeka.
g. Kulowererapo koyambirira
Kuzindikira ndi kuthana ndi zovuta kapena zizindikiro zoyambilira za kleptomania kudzera m'mapulogalamu othamangirako kapena kuyezetsa matenda amisala kungathandize kupewa kuchulukira kwa machitidwe akuba ndikuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa matendawa. Kulimbikitsa anthu kuti apeze chithandizo kuchokera kwa akatswiri azamisala pakangoyamba zizindikiro za kupsinjika kapena zovuta zomwe zingawathandize kuti achitepo kanthu panthawi yake.
h. Chithandizo cha zovuta zomwe zimachitika nthawi imodzi
Kulimbana ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi thanzi labwino kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo zomwe zingapangitse kapena kukulitsa kleptomania zingathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga matendawa. Kupereka njira zochiritsira zophatikizika zomwe zimalimbana ndi kleptomania ndi zochitika zogwirizanitsa zimatha kusintha zotsatira za chithandizo ndikulimbikitsa kuchira kwa nthawi yaitali.
Chithandizo cha kleptomania
Chithandizo cha kleptomania nthawi zambiri chimaphatikizapo kuphatikiza kwa psychotherapy, mankhwala, ndi njira zothandizira zomwe cholinga chake ndi kuthana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa komanso kuchepetsa khalidwe lakuba. Cholinga cha chithandizo ndi kuthandiza anthu kuzindikira zizindikiro zawo, kupanga njira zothanirana ndi vutoli, ndikuwongolera kuwongolera kuti athe kuthana ndi zikhumbo zakuba moyenera.
a. Psychotherapy
- Chidziwitso-Makhalidwe Ochizira (CBT): CBT ndi njira yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso yozikidwa pa umboni pochiza kleptomania. Imayang'ana kwambiri kuzindikira ndi kutsutsa malingaliro ndi zikhulupiriro zopotoka zokhudzana ndi kuba, komanso kupanga njira zina zothanirana nazo. Njira zimaphatikizira kukonzanso kwachidziwitso, kuyesa kwamakhalidwe, komanso kupewa kuwonetsa / kuyankha kuti muzitha kuyendetsa bwino zoyambitsa ndi zokopa.
- Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT): DBT, mtundu wapadera wa CBT, umatsindika kulingalira, kulekerera kupsinjika maganizo, kulamulira maganizo, ndi luso la anthu. Zitha kukhala zopindulitsa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kleptomania omwe akulimbana ndi kusokonezeka kwamalingaliro kapena kutengeka. DBT imaphunzitsa kulingalira kuonjezera kuzindikira kwa malingaliro ndi zolimbikitsa, pamodzi ndi luso lolekerera kuvutika kuti athe kulimbana ndi zoyambitsa popanda kuba.
- Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT): ACT ikufuna kukulitsa kusinthika kwamaganizidwe ndikuchitapo kanthu potengera malingaliro ndi malingaliro osafunikira pomwe mukuchita zinthu zogwirizana ndi zomwe mumakonda. ACT imathandiza anthu kukhala ndi malingaliro achifundo pamalingaliro awo, kuchepetsa kufunika koba ngati njira yothanirana ndi vutoli. Njira zimaphatikizira kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kumveketsa bwino zomwe zimafunikira, komanso kukonzekera zochita.
- Psychodynamic therapy imayang'ana mikangano yosazindikira, zomwe zachitika m'moyo waubwana, ndi machitidwe a anthu omwe amathandizira ku kleptomania. Othandizira amathandiza anthu kuzindikira zomwe zimayambitsa khalidwe lakuba, kuyang'ana chiyanjano, chidziwitso, ndi mikangano yosathetsedwa. Povumbulutsa njira zosazindikira komanso zomwe zidachitika m'mbuyomu, chithandizo cha psychodynamic chimathetsa zomwe zimayambitsa kleptomania.
b. Mankhwala
- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): Ma SSRI, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza matenda ovutika maganizo ndi nkhawa, asonyeza kuti ali ndi mphamvu zochepetsera kufupipafupi ndi kuopsa kwa khalidwe lakuba mwa anthu omwe ali ndi kleptomania. Zitsanzo ndi fluoxetine (Prozac), sertraline (Zoloft), ndi escitalopram (Lexapro).
- Zolimbitsa mtima: Zolimbitsa thupi monga lithiamu kapena anticonvulsants (mwachitsanzo, valproate, lamotrigine) zitha kuperekedwa kuti zithandizire kuwongolera malingaliro ndi machitidwe opupuluma mwa anthu omwe ali ndi kleptomania, makamaka omwe ali ndi vuto losagwirizana kapena kusachita chidwi.
- Naltrexone: Naltrexone, wotsutsa opioid omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kumwa mowa ndi kudalira opioid, wasonyeza lonjezo lochepetsera makhalidwe akuba mwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi kleptomania. Amaganiziridwa kuti amasintha momwe ubongo umaperekera mphotho ndikuchepetsa kulimbikitsa kwa kuba.
c. Njira zothandizira
- Magulu othandizira: Kutenga nawo mbali m'magulu othandizira kapena njira zodzithandizira kungathandize anthu omwe ali ndi kleptomania kukhala ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, kutsimikiziridwa, ndi chilimbikitso kuti apewe khalidwe lakuba. Kugawana zokumana nazo ndi njira zothanirana ndi ena omwe amamvetsetsa zitha kukhala zopatsa mphamvu komanso zolimbikitsa.
- Thandizo la Banja: Kuphatikizira achibale pa chithandizo kungathandize kuwongolera kulankhulana, kuthana ndi zochitika za m'banja zomwe zingathandize kuti kleptomania ikule kapena kusamalidwa, ndikupereka chithandizo kwa munthuyo kuti achire.
- Upangiri wandalama: Upangiri wazachuma kapena njira zowongolera ngongole zitha kukhala zopindulitsa kwa anthu omwe akukumana ndi mavuto azachuma chifukwa cha kleptomania. Kuthana ndi mavuto azachuma kumatha kuchepetsa zomwe zimayambitsa kuba ndikulimbikitsa bata.
d. Kuchitapo kanthu pamakhalidwe
Kuchitapo kanthu pamakhalidwe monga kuwongolera mwadzidzidzi kapena maphunziro osinthira chizolowezi angagwiritsidwe ntchito kutsata machitidwe ena okhudzana ndi kleptomania. Njirazi zimaphatikizapo kuzindikira zomwe zidayambika ndi zotsatira za kuba ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zosinthira machitidwe. Mwachitsanzo, anthu angaphunzitsidwe kuzindikira zizindikiro zoyamba za kulakalaka kuba ndi kuchita zinthu zina (monga njira zopumula, kuchita zinthu zodzitonthoza) kuti apirire chilakolakocho popanda kuba.
e. Kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe zimachitika
Kulimbana ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi thanzi labwino kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo zomwe zingapangitse kapena kukulitsa kleptomania ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya chithandizo. Njira zochiritsira zophatikizana zomwe zimalimbana ndi kleptomania ndi zochitika zomwe zimachitika nthawi zonse zimatha kusintha zotsatira za chithandizo ndikulimbikitsa kuchira kwanthawi yayitali.
Kutsiliza
Kleptomania ndi vuto laubongo lomwe limadziwika ndi kuba mobwerezabwereza komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi zilakolako zosatsutsika kapena zilakolako. Anthu omwe ali ndi kleptomania nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi zovuta zambiri komanso zofooka m'mbali zosiyanasiyana za moyo, kuphatikizapo mavuto azamalamulo, azachuma, ndi ena. Polimbikitsa kuzindikira, kumvetsetsa, ndi kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga, n'zotheka kuchepetsa manyazi omwe amadza chifukwa cha kleptomania ndikuthandizira kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala ndi chithandizo chamankhwala kwa anthu omwe akukhudzidwa ndi vutoli.