Papa, qui etiam summus pontifex, pontifex maximus vel summus pontifex, Romanus pontifex, vel summus pontifex, est episcopus Romanus, vel historice patriarcha Romanus, caput totius ecclesiae catholicae. etiam princeps civitatis vel princeps Civitatum Papalium et postea Civitatis Vaticana ab octavo saeculo. Sub catholico respectu primatus Episcopi Romani late derivatur ab eius munere apostolico successore sancto Petro, cui primatus a Iesu collatus est, qui Petro claves Caeli dedit et potestates « ligandi et solvendi ». eum nominantes tamquam « petram », super quam Ecclesia aedificabatur.
In officio suo papatus appellatur, sedis episcopalis iurisdictio Apostolica Sedes appellatur. Sancta Sedes est ens summum iuris gentium in Civitate Civitatis Vaticanae distincte independentis, quae Civitas Civitatem efficit clausuram geographicam intra conurbationem Romanam, a Lateranensi tractatu anno 1929 inter Italiam et Sanctam Sedem constitutam. ut libertatem suam temporalem et spiritualem curet. Sancta Sedes agnoscitur ab eius adhaesione variis in gradibus institutionum internationalium ac per suas rationes diplomaticas ac politicas cum multis civitatibus independentibus congruentibus.
Iuxta traditionem catholicam, Apostolica Sedes Roma a Sancto Petro et Paulo primo saeculo condita est. Papatus unus est ex stabilissimis in mundo institutionibus et in historia humana praecipuam partem habuit. Antiquis temporibus Summi Pontifices christianismum propagaverunt adiuverunt et intervenerunt ut variis quaestionibus doctrinales conclusiones invenirent. Medio Aevo, munus saecularis momenti in Europa occidentali luserunt, saepe arbitri inter monarchas Christianos.
Praeter amplificationem fidei et doctrinae christianae, Summi Pontifices hodierni implicantur in oecumenismo et mutua fide dialogum, laborem caritatis ac iurium humanorum defensionem. Subinde, papatus amplus influentia saecularis et politica accessit, tandem eos territoriales rectores aemulans. Superioribus saeculis, auctoritas temporalis papatus detracta est et munus in rebus religiosis nunc late intenditur.
E contra, papales petitiones auctoritatis spiritualis in dies magis magisque confirmatae sunt, quae culmen anno 1870 dogma infallibilitatis papalis per raros occasiones proclamat, cum Papa ex cathedra loquitur - ad litteram "de cathedra (sancti Petri)". fidei vel morum definitionem formalem ferat. Papa habetur unus ex illis mundi plurimum populus ob amplam diplomaticam, culturalem et spiritualem influentiam, tum 1.3 miliarda catholicorum, tum extra fidem catholicam, tum quia maximas provisor educationis et sanitatis non-principatus praeest, cum ingenti caritatis retis.
Hic omnes pontifices ecclesiae catholicae ordine chronologico.
No. | pontificem | Pontificatus |
De aetate Summi Pontifices persecutionem | ||
1. | sancti Petri | 32-67 |
2. | St. Linus | 67-76 |
3. | St. Anacletus. | 76-88 |
4. | S. Clementis I | 88-97 |
5. | S. Evaristi | 97-105 |
6. | S. Alexander I | 105-115 |
7. | St. Sixtus I | 115-125 |
8. | S. Telesphori | 125-136 |
9. | S. Hyginus | 136-140 |
10. | S. Pius I | 140-155 |
11. | S. Anicetus | 155-166 |
12. | St. Soter | 166-175 |
13. | S. Eleutherii | 175-189 |
14. | St. Victor | 189-199 |
15. | S. Zephyrini | 199-217 |
16. | S. Callistus I | 217-222 |
17. | S. Urban I | 222-230 |
18. | St | 230-235 |
19. | St. Anterus | 235-236 |
20. | Sancti Fabiani | 236-250 |
21. | S. Cornelii | 251-253 |
22. | St. Lucius I | 253-254 |
23. | St. Stephen I | 254-257 |
24. | St. Sixtus II | 257-258 |
25. | S. Dionys | 260-268 |
26. | S. Felicis I | 269-274 |
27. | S. Eutychiani | 275-283 |
28. | S. Caji | 283-296 |
29. | S. Marcellini | 296-304 |
30. | S. Marcelli I | 308-309 |
31. | S. Eusebii | 309-310 |
32. | S. Miltiadis | 311-314 |
Pontificibus saeculi imperii | ||
33. | Sancte Silvester I | 314-335 |
34. | St. Mark | 336-336 |
35. | St. Iulius I | 337-352 |
36. | Liberius | 352-366 |
37. | S. Damasus I | 366-383 |
38. | St. Siricius | 384-399 |
39. | S. Anastasii I | 399-401 |
40. | S. Innocentius I | 401-417 |
41. | Zosimus S | 417-418 |
42. | S. Bonifacii I | 418-422 |
43. | S. Caelestinus I | 422-432 |
44. | St. Sixtus III | 432-440 |
45. | S. Leo I. | 440-461 |
46. | S. Hilarii | 461-468 |
47. | S. Simplicius | 468-483 |
48. | St. Felix III. | 483-492 |
49. | S. Gelasius I . | 492-496 |
50. | Anastasius II | 496-498 |
51. | S. Symmachus | 498-514 |
52. | S. Hormisdae | 514-523 |
53. | St | 523-526 |
54. | St. Felix IV (III). | 526-530 |
55. | Bonifacius II | 530-532 |
56. | Ioannes II | 533-535 |
57. | S. Agapetus I | 535-536 |
58. | St | 536-537 |
59. | Vigilius | 537-555 |
60. | Pelagius I | 556-561 |
61. | Ioannes III | 561-574 |
62. | Benedictus I | 575-579 |
63. | Pelagius II | 579-590 |
Pontifices primis medii aevi | ||
64. | S. Gregory I. | 590-604 |
65. | Sabinian | 604-606 |
66. | Bonifacius III | 607-607 |
67. | S. Bonifacius IV | 608-615 |
68. | S. Adeodatus I (Deusdedit) | 615-618 |
69. | Bonifacius V | 619-625 |
70. | Honorius I | 625-638 |
71. | Boethius | 640-640 |
72. | IV | 640-642 |
73. | Callistus I | 642-649 |
74. | St. Martin | 649-655 |
75. | S. Eugenius I | 655-657 |
76. | Sanctus Vitalianus | 657-672 |
77. | Adeodatus II | 672-676 |
78. | Donus | 676-678 |
79. | S. Agatho | 678-681 |
80. | S. Leo II | 682-683 |
81. | S. Benedictus II | 684-685 |
82. | Ioannes V | 685-686 |
83. | theus Cononis | 686-687 |
84. | S. Sergius I | 687-701 |
85. | Ioannes VI | 701-705 |
86. | Ioannes VII | 705-707 |
87. | Sisinnius | 708-708 |
88. | Constantini | 708-715 |
89. | S. Gregorius II | 715-731 |
90. | S. Gregorius III | 731-741 |
91. | S. Zachariae | 741-752 |
Stephen II* | 752-752 | |
92. | Stephanus III | 752-757 |
93. | S. Paulus I | 757-767 |
94. | Stephanus IV | 767-772 |
95. | Hadrianus | 772-795 |
96. | S. Leo III | 795-816 |
97. | Stephanus V | 816-817 |
98. | S. Paschalis I | 817-824 |
99. | Eugenius II | 824-827 |
100. | Valentine | 827-827 |
101. | Gregorius IV | 827-844 |
102. | Sergius II | 844-847 |
103. | S. LEO IV | 847-855 |
104. | Benedictus III | 855-858 |
105. | St. Nicholas I (Nicolaus the Great) | 858-867 |
106. | Hadrianus II | 867-872 |
107. | Ioannes VIII | 872-882 |
108. | marinus II | 882-884 |
109. | S. Adrianus III | 884-885 |
110. | Stephanus VI | 885-891 |
111. | Formosus | 891-896 |
112. | Boniface | 896-896 |
113. | Stephanus VII | 896-897 |
114. | Romanus | 897-897 |
115. | Lucius II | 897-897 |
116. | Iohannem | 898-900 |
117. | Benedictus IV | 900-903 |
118. | V leo | 903-909 |
119. | Sergius III | 904-911 |
120. | Anastasius III | 911-913 |
121. | Lando | 913-914 |
122. | X Iohannes | 914-928 |
123. | Leo VI | 928-928 |
124. | Stephanus VIII | 929-931 |
125. | John XII | 931-935 |
126. | Leo VII | 936-939 |
127. | Stephanus IX | 939-942 |
128. | Marinus II | 942-946 |
129. | Agapetus II | 946-955 |
130. | XIV: | 955-963 |
131. | Leo VIII | 963-964 |
132. | V Benedictus | 964-964 |
133. | XIII | 965-972 |
134. | Benedictus VI | 973-974 |
135. | Celestine III | 974-983 |
136. | XIV | 983-984 |
137. | Pontifices Ioannem XV | 985-996 |
138. | Gregorius V | 996-999 |
139 | Silvester II | 999-1003 |
140. | XXI | 1003-1003 |
141. | Ioannes XVIII | 1003-1009 |
142. | Sergius IV | 1009-1012 |
143. | Benedictus VIII | 1012-1024 |
144. | XIX Iohannes | 1024-1032 |
145. | Benedictus IX | 1032-1045 |
146. | Silvester III | 1045-1045 |
147. | Benedictus IX | 1045-1045 |
148. | Gregorius VI | 1045-1046 |
149. | Clemens II | 1046-1047 |
150. | Benedictus IX | 1047-1048 |
151. | II purgare cupientes | 1048-1048 |
152. | S. LEO IX | 1049-1054 |
153. | Victor II | 1055-1057 |
154. | Stephanus X | 1057-1058 |
155. | Nicolaus II | 1058-1061 |
156. | Alexandrum II | 1061-1073 |
Pontifices eundem in aetate devexa montis atque consilia | ||
157. | S. Gregorius VII | 1073-1085 |
158. | Benedictus Victor III | 1086-1087 |
159. | Beatus Urbanus II | 1088-1099 |
160. | Paschalis II | 1099-1118 |
161. | Gelasius II | 1118-1119 |
162. | Callistus II | 1119-1124 |
163. | Honorius II | 1124-1130 |
164. | Innocentius | 1130-1143 |
165. | Coelestinus II | 1143-1144 |
166. | Lucius II | 1144-1145 |
167. | Beatus Eugenius III | 1145-1153 |
168. | Anastasius IV | 1153-1154 |
169. | Hadrianus IV | 1154-1159 |
170. | Alexander III | 1159-1181 |
171. | Lucius III | 1181-1185 |
172. | Urban III | 1185-1187 |
173. | Gregorius VIII | 1187-1187 |
174. | Clemens III | 1187-1191 |
175. | Coelestino | 1191-1198 |
176. | Innocentius | 1198-1216 |
177. | Honorius III | 1216-1227 |
178. | Gregorius IX | 1227-1241 |
179. | Eugene IV | 1241-1241 |
180. | Innocentius IV | 1243-1254 |
181. | Alexander IV | 1254-1261 |
182. | Urbanus IV | 1261-1264 |
183. | Clemens IV | 1265-1268 |
184. | Beatus Gregorius X | 1271-1276 |
185. | Benedictus Innocentius V | 1276-1276 |
186. | Adrianus V | 1276-1276 |
187. | Ioannes XXI | 1276-1277 |
188. | Nicolaus III | 1277-1280 |
189. | Martin IV | 1281-1285 |
190. | Honorius IV | 1285-1287 |
191. | Nicolaus IV | 1288-1292 |
192. | S. Caelestinus V | 1294-1294 |
193. | Bonifacius VIII | 1294-1303 |
194. | Benedictus XI | 1303-1304 |
Summi Pontifices Avenionensis Papatus | ||
195. | clemens quintus | 1305-1314 |
196. | Ioannes XXII | 1316-1334 |
197. | Benedictus XII | 1334-1342 |
198. | Clemens VI | 1342-1352 |
199. | Innocentius VI | 1352-1362 |
200. | Benedictus Urbanus V | 1362-1370 |
201. | número adscrípsit | 1370-1378 |
Summi Pontifices schismatis | ||
202. | Urbanus VI | 1378-1389 |
203. | Bonifacius IX | 1389-1404 |
204. | Innocentio VII | 1404-1406 |
205. | Gregorius XII | 1406-1415 |
Summorum Pontificum artium Renascentium et correctionis inpositis | ||
206. | Martíno quinto | 1417-1431 |
207. | Eugenius | 1431-1447 |
208. | Nicolaus V | 1447-1455 |
209. | Callistus III | 1455-1458 |
210. | Quam Pius secundus | 1458-1464 |
211. | Paulus II | 1464-1471 |
212. | Sixtus IV | 1471-1484 |
213. | quem Innocentius Papa Octavus | 1484-1492 |
214. | Alexandri Sexti divisione | 1492-1503 |
215. | Pius | 1503-1503 |
216. | Julius II | 1503-1513 |
217. | Leo decimus | 1513-1521 |
218. | Hadrianus VI | 1522-1523 |
219. | clemens VII | 1523-1534 |
220. | Paulo III | 1534-1549 |
221. | Iulius III | 1550-1555 |
222. | II Marcello | 1555-1555 |
223. | A Paulo quarto | 1555-1559 |
224. | IV | 1559-1565 |
De aetate Summi Pontifices revolution | ||
225. | S. Pius V | 1566-1572 |
226. | a Gregorio decimo tertio | 1572-1585 |
227. | Sacra | 1585-1590 |
228. | hl | 1590-1590 |
229. | Gregorius XIV | 1590-1591 |
230. | Innocentius IX | 1591-1591 |
231. | Clementine Latin | 1592-1605 |
232. | Pius VI | 1605-1605 |
233. | Paulus V | 1605-1621 |
234. | Gregorius XV | 1621-1623 |
235. | Urbanus VIII decessor | 1623-1644 |
236. | X innocentes | 1644-1655 |
237. | Alexander VII | 1655-1667 |
238. | Clemens IX | 1667-1669 |
239. | Clementis X | 1670-1676 |
240. | Benedictus Innocentius XI | 1676-1689 |
241. | Alexander VIII | 1689-1691 |
242. | Innocentius XII | 1691-1700 |
243. | Clemens XI | 1700-1721 |
244. | Innocentius XIII | 1721-1724 |
245. | Benedictus XIII | 1724-1730 |
246. | Clemens XII | 1730-1740 |
247. | Benedictus XIV | 1740-1758 |
248. | Clemens XIII | 1758-1769 |
249. | Clemens XIV | 1769-1774 |
250. | Pius | 1775-1799 |
251. | a Pio septimo, | 1800-1823 |
Pontifices nostri huius aetatis | ||
252. | Leo vero duodecimus | 1823-1829 |
253. | Pius VIII | 1829-1830 |
254 | Gregorius XVI | 1831-1846 |
255. | Benedictus Pius IX | 1846-1878 |
256. | Leo decimus tertius | 1878-1903 |
257. | S. PIUS X | 1903-1914 |
258. | Benedictus XV | 1914-1922 |
259. | PIUS XI, | 1922-1939 |
260. | PIUS XII, | 1939-1958 |
261. | St | 1958-1963 |
262. | Beatus Paulus VI | 1963-1978 |
263 | Ioannes Paulus I | 1978-1978 |
264. | S. Ioannes Paulus II | 1978-2005 |
265. | Benedictus | 2005-2013 |
266. | Francis | 2013- |
Notes:
- *Stephanus II electus est, sed mortuus est antequam papa consecratus est, et ideo non invenitur in catalogo officiali Vaticani vel in numero numerando.