'O ka ma'i 'a'ai 'o ia ke 'ano o ka ma'i 'a'ai e ulu ana i loko o ka 'ā'ī, 'o ia ho'i nā 'a'ai hānau kāne i loko o ka scrotum. Na nā testicles ke kuleana no ka hana ʻana i ka sperm a me ka testosterone, ka hormone male kāne mua. Hoʻomaka maʻamau ka maʻi maʻi maʻi i loko o nā pūnaewele germ, ʻo ia nā cell e hana ai i ka sperm. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke hoʻomohala ʻia i loko o nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe i loko o nā testicles, e like me nā ʻiʻo kākoʻo a i ʻole nā pūnaewele hana hormone.
Kakaʻikahi ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻana o ka Testicular i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea ʻē aʻe ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai, e helu wale ana ma kahi o 1% o nā maʻi maʻi āpau i nā kāne. Eia naʻe, ʻo ia ka maʻi maʻi maʻamau i nā kāne ʻōpio ma waena o nā makahiki 15 a me 35. ʻOiai hiki ke loaʻa i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻike pinepine ʻia i kēia wā. Hiki ke lapa'au 'ia ka ma'i 'a'ai ma'i, ke 'ike mua 'ia. Eia nō naʻe, pono ka ʻike wikiwiki a me ka mālama ʻana no ka hopena maikaʻi loa.
Nā ʻano o ka maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai
Hōʻike mua ʻia ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi ma nā ʻano nui ʻelua: nā maʻi maʻi germ cell a me nā maʻi maʻi ʻaʻole germ cell.
a. ʻO nā maʻi maʻi germ cell
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā maʻi maʻi germ cell mai nā sela germ i loko o nā testicles, nona ke kuleana no ka hana ʻana i ka sperm. ʻO lākou ka hapa nui o nā hihia maʻi maʻi testicular a ua māhele hou ʻia i nā ʻano subtypes:
- Seminomas: ʻO Seminomas kahi ʻano o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻamau i loaʻa i nā kāne ma waena o ko lākou mau makahiki he iwakālua a me nā makahiki he kanahā. ʻO kēia mau maʻi koko e ulu mālie a hiki ke mālama ʻia, ʻoiai ma nā pae kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia nā Seminomas i ka testicle a loaʻa ka wānana maikaʻi.
- Non-seminomas: Hoʻopili nā non-seminomas i kekahi mau ʻano subtypes, me ka maʻi maʻi embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, teratoma, a me nā maʻi maʻi maʻi germ cell. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o nā non-seminomas ma mua o nā seminomas a hiki ke laha koke. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine ʻia lākou i nā kāne ʻōpio a makemake paha i ka mālama koʻikoʻi.
b. ʻO nā maʻi maʻi ʻaʻole germ cell
Hoʻoulu ʻia nā maʻi ʻaʻa ʻole-germ mai nā ʻiʻo kākoʻo a hoʻohua i ka hormone i loko o nā testicles, ʻaʻole mai nā cell germ ponoʻī. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā maʻi maʻi germ cell, ke hōʻike nei lākou i kahi ʻāpana o nā maʻi maʻi testicular. ʻO nā laʻana o nā maʻi maʻi ʻaʻole germ cell penei:
- Leydig cell tumors: Leydig cell tumors e puka mai ana mai nā pūnaewele Leydig, ka mea e hoʻopuka i ka testosterone i loko o nā testicles. ʻAʻole maʻamau kēia mau maʻi koko (non-cancerous) akā hiki ke maʻi i kekahi manawa.
- Sertoli cell tumors: Sertoli cell tumors e ulu ana mai nā pūnaewele Sertoli, e hāʻawi i ke kākoʻo a me ka hānai ʻana i nā pūnaewele hana sperm. E like me nā maʻi maʻi maʻi Leydig, maʻamau nā maʻi maʻi Sertoli cell akā hiki ke maʻi i kekahi mau hihia.
Nā kumu o ka maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai
ʻAʻole maopopo loa ke kumu o ka maʻi kanesa testicular, akā ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau mea pilikia e hoʻonui ai i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi. Aia kēia mau mea pilikia:
a. ʻO ka ʻāʻī i iho ʻole ʻia (Cryptorchidism)
ʻO nā kāne i hānau ʻia me hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā mea ʻelua ʻelua ʻaʻole i iho i loko o ka scrotum (cryptorchidism) ʻoi aku ka nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi kanesa testicular. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ke kūlana abnormal o ka testicle e hoʻonui i ka likelihood o ka hoʻololi malignant.
b. Moʻolelo ʻohana
ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi moʻolelo ʻohana o ka maʻi maʻi testicular e hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi. ʻO nā kāne me ka makua kāne a i ʻole ke kaikunāne i loaʻa i ka maʻi kanesa testicular ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia ma mua o ka poʻe ʻaʻohe moʻolelo ʻohana. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā hihia o ka maʻi maʻi testicular e loaʻa i nā kāne me ka ʻole o ka moʻolelo ʻohana o ka maʻi.
c. Nā kumu genetic
Hiki ke hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka maʻi maʻi testicular kekahi mau ʻano genetic, e like me Klinefelter syndrome. ʻO ka maʻi Klinefelter kahi maʻi chromosomal kahi i hānau ʻia ai nā kāne me kahi chromosome X keu (XXY ma kahi o XY). Hiki i nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe ke kōkua i ka piʻi ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi testicular.
d. ka maʻi HIV
Ua manaʻo kekahi mau haʻawina i kahi loulou ma waena o ka maʻi HIV a me ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi testicular. Hiki ke kōkua ka ʻōnaehana immune nāwaliwali e pili ana i ka maʻi HIV/AIDS i ka ulu ʻana o kekahi mau ʻano maʻi kanesa, me ka maʻi maʻi testicular.
e. Nā kumu kaiapuni
Hiki i ka ʻike ʻana i kekahi mau mea kaiapuni ke pāʻani i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi testicular, ʻoiai ʻaʻole maopopo ka hōʻike. Ua manaʻo kekahi mau noiʻi e pili ana i ka pilina ma waena o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā pesticides, nā kemika, a i ʻole nā toxin kaiapuni a me ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi testicular. Eia nō naʻe, pono ka noiʻi hou ʻana e hoʻokumu i kahi pilina kumu kumu.
f. ʻO ka ʻeha a i ʻole ka ʻeha
Loaʻa nā hōʻike liʻiliʻi e hōʻike ana i ka ʻeha a i ʻole ka hōʻeha i ka testicles e hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka maʻi maʻi testicular. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu maikaʻi ʻia ka hui ma waena o ka trauma testicular a me ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi kanesa, a pono e noiʻi hou aku e wehewehe i kēia pilina.
Nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi ʻaʻai testicular
Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi me nā hōʻailona ʻike ʻia, ʻoiai ʻo kekahi mau hihia he asymptomatic a ʻike wale ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻokolokolo kino maʻamau a i ʻole ka nānā ʻana. He mea nui i nā kāne ke hoʻomaopopo i kēia mau hōʻailona o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi testicular.
a. Puʻu a pehu paha i loko o ka testicle
ʻO ka hōʻailona maʻamau o ka maʻi kanesa testicular ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi puʻupuʻu ʻeha a pehu paha i loko o kekahi o nā testicles. Hiki paha i kēia puʻupuʻu ke manaʻo e like me kahi puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi, paʻakikī a i ʻole ka pehu nui a palupalu. He mea pono i na kane ke hana mau i ka hookolokolo ponoi no ka ike ana i na loli o ka nui, ke ano, a i ole ka like o ka testicles.
b. ʻeha a ʻeha paha
ʻOiai ʻaʻole ʻeha pinepine ka maʻi kanesa, hiki i kekahi mau kāne ke loaʻa i ka ʻeha ʻeha a i ʻole ka hōʻoluʻolu ʻole i ka testicle a i ʻole ka scrotum. Hiki i kēia ʻehaʻeha ke hoʻomau a i ʻole ka manawa a hiki ke hoʻomālamalama i ka ʻōpū o lalo a i ʻole ka ʻāʻī.
c. Hoʻololi i ka nui a i ʻole ke ʻano o ka testicular
Hiki ke hoʻololi i ka nui a i ʻole ke ʻano o ka testicle i hoʻopilikia ʻia. Hiki i nā kāne ke hoʻomaopopo he ʻoi aku ka nui a i ʻole ke kaumaha o kekahi testicle ma mua o ka mea ʻē aʻe, a i ʻole ke ʻano o ka testicle i hoʻopilikia ʻia.
d. ʻO ka manaʻo kaumaha ma ka scrotum
Hiki i kekahi mau kāne me ka maʻi kanesa testicular ke ʻike i ke kaumaha, ke kaumaha, a i ʻole ka piha ʻana o ka scrotum. Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia kēia manaʻo me ka ʻoluʻolu a i ʻole ka ʻoluʻolu.
e. ʻEha a ʻehaʻeha paha ma ka ʻōpū o lalo a i ʻole ka ʻāʻī
I kekahi mau hihia, hiki i ka ma'i 'a'ai testicular ke ho'oulu i ka 'eha a i 'ole ka 'eha'eha ma ka 'ōpū o lalo a i 'ole ka 'ao'ao. He ʻeha a haʻahaʻa paha kēia ʻeha a hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia e ka hoʻoikaika kino a i ʻole ka lōʻihi o ka noho ʻana a i ʻole ke kū ʻana.
f. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka umauma a i ʻole ka palupalu
Hiki i kekahi mau ʻano o ka maʻi kanesa testicular, e like me ka germ cell tumors, ke hana i nā hormones i hiki ke hoʻonui i ka umauma a i ʻole ka palupalu i nā kāne. ʻO kēia maʻi, i kapa ʻia ʻo gynecomastia, hiki ke hana pū me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe o ka maʻi maʻi testicular.
Nā pae o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻana
He mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi testicular no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka nui o ka maʻi a alakaʻi i nā hoʻoholo lapaʻau. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana staging maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no ka maʻi maʻi testicular ʻo ia ka ʻōnaehana TNM, nāna e loiloi i ka maʻi maʻi mua (T), nā lymph nodes kokoke (N), a me ka metastasis mamao (M).
Ka Papa 0 (Carcinoma in situ)
Hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā sela maʻi maʻi i ka papa o loko o ka ʻiʻo i loko o ka testicle a ʻaʻole i laha ma waho o ka testicle. I kēia wā, manaʻo ʻia ka maʻi maʻi ʻaʻole invasive a ʻaʻole i ulu a lilo i ʻōpū. ʻIke pinepine ʻia ʻo Carcinoma in situ i ka wā o nā biopsies i hana ʻia no nā kumu ʻē aʻe a loaʻa kahi wānana maikaʻi loa me ka nānā ʻana.
Ka Papa I
Hoʻopili ʻia ka maʻi maʻi i ka testicle a hiki ke komo i ka epididymis a i ʻole ke kaula spermatic akā ʻaʻole i laha i nā pūnae lymph kokoke a i ʻole nā ʻāpana mamao. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka pae I i ʻelua mau ʻāpana:
- Pae IA: Ua kaupalena ʻia ka maʻi kanesa i ka testicle a ʻaʻole pili i nā kīʻaha koko a i ʻole nā moku lymphatic. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke koko ma mua o 2 kenimika (cm) ka nui.
- Māhele IB: Ua laha ka maʻi kanesa i nā kīʻaha koko, nā kīʻaha lymphatic, a i ʻole nā mea ʻelua, i loko o ka testicle. ʻOi aku paha ka nui o ke koko ma mua o 2 knm ka nui akā ʻaʻole ia i laha i nā pūnae lymph kokoke a i ʻole nā ʻāpana mamao.
ʻOihana II
Ua laha ka maʻi maʻi i nā ʻōpū lymph kokoke i ka ʻōpū a i ʻole ke pelvis akā ʻaʻole i laha i nā kino mamao. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka pae II i ʻelua mau ʻāpana:
- Ka Papa IIA: Ua laha ka ma'i 'a'ai i na wahi lymph ma ka opu, pelvis, a i ole ia mau mea elua, aka, o ka nui loa o ka lymph node i loa'a i ka ma'i 'a'ai ma lalo o 2 knm ka nui.
- Ka Papa IIB: Ua laha ka ma'i 'a'ai i nā pūnana lymph i loko o ka ʻōpū, pelvis, a i ʻole nā mea ʻelua, a ʻo ka puʻu lymph nui loa i loaʻa i ka maʻi kanesa he 2 knm a ʻoi aku paha ka nui.
Papa III
Ua laha ka maʻi maʻi i nā ʻāpana mamao, e like me ke akemāmā, ate, a i ʻole ka lolo, a pili pū kekahi i nā ʻōpū lymph kokoke. Ua māhele ʻia ka pae III i ʻelua mau ʻāpana:
- Ka Papa IIIA: Ua laha ka ma'i 'a'ai ma kahi mamao o ka lymph nodes a i 'ole i na okana ma waho o ka opu a me ke pelvis, e like me ke akemāmā.
- Papa IIIB: Ua laha nui ka ma'i 'a'ai i na okana mamao, e like me ke ake a me ka lolo, a hiki no hoi ke komo i na puna lymph kokoke.
Kāohi ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai testicular
ʻAʻole hiki ke pale i ka maʻi maʻi testicular i nā manawa a pau ma muli o nā kumu e like me nā genetics a me nā mea kūlohelohe. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau hana e hiki ai i nā kānaka ke hana e hōʻemi i ko lākou pilikia a hāpai i ka ʻike mua.
a. Hana maʻamau Testicular Self-Exams (TSE)
Pono nā kāne e kamaʻāina i ka nui, ke ʻano, a me ke ʻano o kā lākou testicles a hana i nā TSE i kēlā me kēia mahina. Hoʻokomo ka TSE i ka ʻoluʻolu ʻana i kēlā me kēia testicle ma waena o nā manamana lima a me nā manamana lima e ʻike ai i nā loli, e like me ka puʻu a i ʻole ka pehu. Pono e hōʻike koke ʻia nā mea ʻino i kahi mea mālama ola.
b. E hoʻoponopono i nā mea pilikia
ʻO nā kāne me nā kumu pilikia i ʻike ʻia no ka maʻi kanesa testicular, e like me ka mōʻaukala ʻohana o ka maʻi a i ʻole ka moʻolelo pilikino o nā testicles i ʻike ʻole ʻia (cryptorchidism), pono e kūkākūkā i ko lākou pilikia me kahi mea mālama ola. Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ka nānā mau ʻana a i ʻole ka nānā ʻana no nā poʻe me ka pilikia kiʻekiʻe.
c. Pale aku i ka maʻi HIV
Hōʻike kekahi mau haʻawina i kahi loulou ma waena o ka maʻi HIV a me ka piʻi nui o ka maʻi maʻi testicular. ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka moekolohe palekana, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka condom, a me ka pale ʻana i nā ʻano ʻano koʻikoʻi hiki ke kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka pilikia o ka maʻi HIV a hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hopena o ka maʻi maʻi testicular i kekahi poʻe.
d. E mālama i ke ola olakino
ʻO ka lawe ʻana i nā hana olakino, e like me ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai kaulike, ka mālama ʻana i ke kaumaha olakino, a me ka hana ʻana i nā hana kino maʻamau, hiki ke kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nui o ka maʻi kanesa. ʻO ka meaʻai momona i nā huaʻai, nā mea kanu, nā kīʻaha piha, a me nā protein lean e hāʻawi i nā meaʻai pono a me nā antioxidants e kākoʻo i ke olakino holoʻokoʻa a hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka maʻi kanesa.
e. Hōʻalo i ka ʻike ʻana i nā toxins kaiapuni
ʻOiai ua kaupalena ʻia nā hōʻike, hōʻike kekahi mau haʻawina i kahi pilina ma waena o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i kekahi mau toxins kaiapuni, e like me nā pesticides a i ʻole nā kemika, a me ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka maʻi kanesa testicular. ʻO ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka ʻike ʻana i nā carcinogens ma kahi hana, home, a i ʻole kaiapuni paha ke kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa.
f. ʻO ka nānā kino mau
Hiki i nā kauka lapaʻau maʻamau ke nānā i ke olakino holoʻokoʻa a ʻike i nā mea ʻino a i ʻole nā loli e pono ai ke loiloi hou. Pono nā kāne e kūkākūkā i kā lākou mau mea pilikia no ka maʻi maʻi maʻi testicular me kahi mea mālama olakino a mālama i nā alakaʻi hōʻike hōʻike.
ʻO ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi testicular
ʻO ka maʻi maʻi o ka maʻi maʻi testicular e pili ana i ka hui pū ʻana o ka loiloi mōʻaukala olakino, ka hoʻokolokolo kino, nā hoʻāʻo kiʻi, a me nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua.
a. ʻO ka moʻolelo olakino a me ka nānā kino
E hoʻomaka ka mea mālama ola ma ka lawe ʻana i ka mōʻaukala olakino, me nā hōʻailona i ʻike ʻia a me nā mea pilikia kūpono, e like me ka mōʻaukala ʻohana a i ʻole nā kūlana testicular mua. E hana ʻia kahi hoʻokolohua kino e nānā i ka testicles, scrotum, a me ka ʻāʻī no nā mea ʻino, e like me ka puʻupuʻu, pehu, a i ʻole nā loli i ka nui a i ʻole ke ʻano.
b. ʻO ke kiʻi ultrasound
Inā ʻike ʻia kahi puʻupuʻu a i ʻole nā mea ʻino i ka wā o ka hoʻokolokolo kino, ʻo ka hana aʻe e hana pinepine i kahi ultrasound o ka scrotum. Ke hoʻohana nei ke kiʻi ultrasound i nā hawewe kani alapine kiʻekiʻe e hana i nā kiʻi kikoʻī o nā testicles a me nā ʻiʻo a puni. Hiki i kēia hoʻāʻo kiʻi ke kōkua i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka nui, wahi, a me nā ʻano o nā nui a i ʻole nā mea ʻino i loko o ka testicles.
c. Nā hoʻāʻo koko
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻāʻo koko e ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o kekahi mau hōʻailona tumo i hoʻokiʻekiʻe pinepine ʻia i nā kāne me ka maʻi maʻi testicular. ʻO nā hōʻailona tumo i ana pinepine ʻia no ka maʻi maʻi testicular penei:
- Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP): Hiki i nā pae kiʻekiʻe o AFP ke hōʻike i ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi mau ʻano o ka maʻi maʻi testicular, e like me nā maʻi maʻi germ cell non-seminomatous.
- Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG): Loaʻa nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka β-hCG i loko o nā maʻi maʻi maʻi germ seminomatous a me non-seminomatous.
- Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH): Hiki ke hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia nā pae LDH i nā ʻano maʻi maʻi like ʻole, e like me ka maʻi maʻi testicular. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole like ka LDH i ka maʻi maʻi testicular e like me AFP a me β-hCG.
ʻO kēia mau hoʻāʻo koko e kōkua i nā mea mālama ola e loiloi i ke ʻano o ka maʻi maʻi testicular, nānā i ka pane ʻana i ka mālama ʻana, a ʻike i ka hoʻi hou ʻana o ka maʻi.
d. Biopsy
I kekahi mau hihia, hiki ke hana ʻia kahi biopsy e hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā maʻi kanesa. ʻO ka biopsy ka lawe ʻana i kahi laʻana liʻiliʻi o ka ʻiʻo mai ka testicle no ka nānā ʻana ma lalo o kahi microscope e ka mea maʻi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hana maʻamau nā biopsies no ka maʻi maʻi testicular ma muli o ka pilikia o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā pūnaewele maʻi maʻi. Akā, hoʻokumu pinepineʻia ka hōʻailona ma nā ho'āʻo kiʻi kiʻi, nā ho'āʻo koko, a me ka heleʻana o nā hōʻailona maʻamau.
e. Haʻawina kiʻi kiʻi
Hiki ke hana ʻia nā haʻawina kiʻi ʻē aʻe, e like me ka computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a i ʻole positron emission tomography (PET), e loiloi i ka nui o ka maʻi a hoʻoholo inā ua laha ka maʻi kanesa i nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ke kino, e like me nā pūnae lymph kokoke a i ʻole nā ʻāpana mamao, e like me ka ʻōpū, pelvis, a i ʻole ka umauma.
f. Kūkākūkā me kahi loea
Ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hoʻokolohua diagnostic, hiki ke hoʻouna ʻia ka mea maʻi i kahi urologist, oncologist, a i ʻole nā mea lapaʻau ʻē aʻe no ka loiloi hou a me ka hoʻokele. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kahi hui multidisciplinary e pili ana i nā ʻoihana mālama olakino e hoʻomohala i kahi hoʻolālā lapaʻau piha i kūpono i nā pono pilikino o ka mea maʻi.
Lapaʻau ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi testicular
ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa testicular e pili ana i kahi ala multidisciplinary a hilinaʻi i nā kumu he nui, me ke ʻano a me ka pae o ka maʻi kanesa, ke olakino holoʻokoʻa o ka mea maʻi, a me nā makemake pilikino.
a. ʻO ka ʻoki ʻana (Orchiectomy)
ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau mua no ka maʻi kanesa testicular ʻo ka wehe ʻana i ka testicle i hoʻopilikia ʻia, kahi hana i kapa ʻia ʻo orchiectomy. I ka wā o ka orchiectomy, hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka testicle holoʻokoʻa i loko o ka ʻōpū ma o ka ʻoki ʻana i ka ʻāʻī. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, hoʻokahi wale nō testicle i hoʻopili ʻia, a ʻo ka wehe ʻana o ka testicle i hoʻopilikia ʻia ʻaʻole pili i ka ulu ʻana a i ʻole ka hiki ke loaʻa ke kūkulu ʻana a i ʻole ka orgasm. Eia nō naʻe, inā pili ʻia nā testicles ʻelua, pono paha ka lāʻau hormonal e pani i ka testosterone.
b. Kemoterapi
Hoʻohana ka Chemotherapy i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ikaika e pepehi i nā maʻi maʻi a i ʻole e kāpae iā lākou mai ka ulu ʻana a me ka māhele ʻana. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka Chemotherapy ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana no ka luku ʻana i nā keʻena maʻi maʻi i koe a i ʻole e mālama i nā maʻi maʻi i laha ma waho o ka testicle. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau chemotherapy kūikawā a me ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana e pili ana i ke ʻano a me ka pae o ka maʻi kanesa. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau chemotherapy maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi testicular me cisplatin, etoposide, a me bleomycin.
c. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau
Hoʻohana ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā kukuna ikaika nui, e like me nā kukui X a i ʻole protons, e pepehi i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi a i ʻole e hōʻemi i nā ʻōpū. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i kekahi mau hihia no ka mālama ʻana i nā seminomas, ʻoiai inā ua laha ka maʻi maʻi i nā ʻōpū lymph kokoke. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole maʻamau ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka radiation radiation ma mua o ka ʻoki a i ʻole ka chemotherapy no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi testicular.
d. Ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā pūnaʻi kumu
I kekahi mau hihia, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka chemotherapy kiʻekiʻe e mālama i ka maʻi maʻi testicular. Hoʻopau ka chemotherapy kiʻekiʻe i nā pūnaewele maʻi maʻi akā hoʻopau pū kekahi i nā pūnaewele ola kino i loko o ka iwi iwi. No ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana i ka hana o ka iwi iwi olakino, hiki ke hana ʻia kahi hoʻololi ʻana o ka stem cell. Hiki ke hōʻiliʻili ʻia mai ke koko ponoʻī o ka mea maʻi (autologous transplant) a i ʻole mai kahi mea hāʻawi (allogeneic transplant) a laila hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ke kahe koko o ka mea maʻi ma hope o ka chemotherapy.
Panina
He pilikia koʻikoʻi ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi e pili ana i nā kāne ʻōpio akā hiki ke loaʻa i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻOiai ʻo kona ʻano liʻiliʻi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā maʻi maʻi ʻē aʻe, pono ka maʻi maʻi testicular i ka hōʻoia wikiwiki a me ka mālama kūpono no nā hopena maikaʻi loa. Ma ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka ʻike a me ka wikiwiki e pili ana i ko lākou olakino, hiki i nā kāne ke hōʻemi i ko lākou pilikia o ka maʻi maʻi testicular a hoʻomaikaʻi i ko lākou kūlana o ka mālama kūleʻa a me ke ola lōʻihi.