Iqhawe lendoda liwumashiqela wenye indoda, kusho isisho esidumile. Uma sicabanga ngabashiqela abanonya kakhulu emlandweni, izingqondo zethu zithatha izithombe zika-Benito Mussolini, u-Joseph Stalin, no-Hitler - abakhethwa abathathu abaphambili bomklomelo Womuntu Omubi Kakhulu wesintu. Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi unya lwalukhona kubabusi ngaphambi kweminyaka yawo-1930. Kube nabaholi abanonya ngaso sonke isikhathi neminyaka. Njengoba kwenzeka, bangaphezu koyedwa umashiqela ononya ababefuna ukudutshulwa kuleyo ndandatho yethusi.
Naba ababusi abangu-10 abanonya kakhulu emlandweni.
1. UGenghis Khan
Eminyakeni engu-800 selokhu adala futhi wabusa uMbuso WamaMongol, uGenghis Khan usephenduke igama lasekhaya. Eyaziwa njengombusi ononya owaqothula wonke amadolobha ebalazweni futhi engenawo amahloni okubulala wonke umuntu owayemvukela, unya olukhulu lokunqoba kwakhe ngezinye izikhathi lungadalulwa noma lukhohlwe. Akekho ongakhuphukela phezulu ngaphandle kobuciko obuncane.
NoKhan naye wayenjalo. Lokhu kwakuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi lapho kuziwa ekubulaweni kwabantu. Ibutho likaKhan lamaMongol lalikholelwa ukuthi uma igazi lakho lichithekela phansi, wawungeke uvunyelwe ekuphileni kwangemva kokufa. Ngakho, baba nekhono ekuqedeni abantu ngaphandle kwegazi. Ukuze afeze lokhu, amaMongol ayethambekele ekunqamuleni izintamo, ukuklinywa, noma indlela ethandwa kakhulu yokwenza iphathi yababulali. Kodwa akulona iqembu ongathanda ukumenywa kulo.
Ngokuvamile kwakuhilela ukunqwabelanisa izicukuthwane ezibanjiwe ngaphansi kwebhodi elikhulu, elalizoba phansi ledili elikhulu, lichoboze kancane labo ababegcwele ngaphansi njengoba ibutho lamaMongol lalijabulela ukudla okumnandi futhi kungenzeka ukuthi lenza isilayidi sikagesi. U-Khan naye wake wenza imbangi yakhe yagqoka imaskhi yobuso yesiliva elincibilikisiwe, okuyindlela enzima kodwa esebenzayo yokucwenga. Futhi wayezosebenzisa izithunjwa njengezihlangu zabantu empini. UKhan wayesebenza ngempumelelo ebuhlungwini bakhe kangangokuthi wabulala abantu abalinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-40 - cishe u-11% wabantu bangaleso sikhathi.
2. UTamerlane Omkhulu
Ungambiza ngokuthi uTamerlane The Great. Ungambiza ngokuthi uTimur. Ungamane umbize sekwephuzile ukudla kwakusihlwa, noma ungase uthole ikhanda lakho lihlezi phezu kwenqwaba yezingebhezi. UTamerlane ongahluliwe wayengumnqobi waseTurkey odunyiswa izazi-mlando njengomunye wosomaqhinga bezempi abakhulu kakhulu abake baphila. UTimur wayekholelwa ukuthi uyinzalo kaGenghis Khan futhi, kanjalo, wathi umbuso wakhe, owawusuka eRussia uye eNdiya kanye nesifunda saseMedithera.
U-Tamerlane uphinde wacela ifa likakhokho wakhe, amandla ezempi, kanye nokungabi nandaba nokuphila komuntu ngokuthatha indlela yokungabi nesihe yokunqoba. Enye yalezo zindlela kwakuwukwakha imibhoshongo yezigebhezi zekhanda lomuntu, okwakukholelwa ukuthi zazingamakhulu. Indaba ithi uTamerlane wayala amasosha akhe ukuthi abuyele kuye okungenani namakhanda amabili, ayezosetshenziselwa ukwakha imihlobiso yakhe engavamile.
3. Vlad the Umthengisi
U-Vlad the Impaler angase abe ugqozi lwesimanjemanje, isihloko esatholwa izikhathi eziningi phakathi nokubusa kwakhe ekhulwini le-15. Uvame ukushiwo njengogqozi lweDracula kaBram Stoker, ngenxa yezizathu ezizobonakala maduzane. Lapho esemusha, u-Vlad nomfowabo bathunjwa eMbusweni Wase-Ottoman ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwethembeka kukayise kaVlad. Kodwa lapho u-Vlad osemncane ekhululwa ekugcineni, wathola ukuthi abaphathi base-Ottoman bamshaye uyise.
UVlad wenza lokho okwakuzokwenziwa yinoma ubani kamuva owakhuthaza amashumi eminyaka ambalwa ezinkondlo zikaGoth - wathatha isihloko sikaVlad, III, Dracula, noma indodana kaDracul, futhi waqala uchungechunge lwezimpi zenkolo ngokumelene nalabo abahlukumeza umndeni wakhe. Futhi uma sithi izimpi zokholo, esisuke sikusho ukuziphindiselela. U-Vlad wayenamaqhinga amaningana ashaqisayo ayezowasebenzisa ngokumelene nezitha zakhe, ngalinye libi kakhulu kunelokugcina.
Kodwa kuwo wonke amathuluzi amabi ebhandeni lakhe, intandokazi ka-Vlad ngokuphelele yayibethelwa, okuyikho kokubili okuzwakalayo nokuthi walithola kanjani igama lakhe. Isipho sika-Vlad esesabekayo sobudlova saba yinganekwane eqhubeka iphila ngezinganekwane, enezela imihlobiso mayelana nemikhuba yakhe yokudla eyayizogcina iguquke ibe ugqozi lukaDracula.
4. Qin Shi Huang
U-Qin Shi Huang waziwa ngokuhlanganisa umbuso waseShayina ngokudala i-Qin Dynasty ekuqaleni kwawo-220s BCE. U-Huang wakuphatha kanjani? Ngohlelo olulula olunezinhlangothi ezintathu - ukuhlakaza lonke uhlelo lwezemfundo, yiba noguquguquka ngendlela engafanele endleleni olawula ngayo, futhi usebenzele uwonke wonke ubulale abantu. Lokho kuzwakala njengolwazi olubi kakhulu emhlabeni. Lapho uHuang ethatha izintambo zombuso ngo-221 BCE, wanamathela esimisweni sokujezisa kanzima, ekhuluma ngendlela engaqondile, futhi ekhipha imiyalo engenangqondo ngokuphelele kubantu bakhe.
U-Huang wakhula edidekile ngengozi ebangelwa umphakathi ofundile, ngakho walwa nokufunda izincwadi. Washisa izincwadi eziyigugu futhi wabulala izazi ezingamaConfucian ezingu-460 ngonyaka owodwa ngenxa yokuthi azikwazanga ukumenza angafi. U-Huang wazama ukusungula uhlelo lwezokuthutha oluyinkimbinkimbi, futhi, njengodonga olukhulu olwalungavimba izitha zakhe. Kodwa lokho akulona i-Great Wall yaseChina. Lokho kwafika kamuva.
Ukuze isekele le miklamo yengqalasizinda, i-Qin yasungula isigaba sabalimi ngokumemezela ukuthi bonke bayalingana ngaphansi komthetho owodwa futhi yabeka izintela ezinkulu. Ubuholi obumpofu, izintela eziphakeme, nokuqondisa okuqinile komsebenzi onzima kwaholela enhlekeleleni kubantu bakhe. Izinkulungwane zabulawa indlala, zabulawa izifo, noma zamane zasetshenzwa zaze zawela emathuneni azo. Inani eliphakeme kakhulu lokukhokhela iphrojekthi yokwakhiwa okuyize.
5. U-Ivan Wesabekayo
U-Ivan IV waseRussia, ovame ukubizwa ngokuthi u-Ivan the Terrible, unendaba engemuva ye-supervillain egcwele uzungu lwezepolitiki nenkohlakalo. Ngoba awutholi isidlaliso esinjalo ngokuvolontiya esontweni. Wabuka njengoba amandla ehlwithwa kunina, okuthiwa wayedliswe ushevu yizimbangi zakhe ngo-1547. Ephendula, u-Ivan wafuna ukuziphindiselela ngokucekela phansi konke okwakusendleleni yakhe. Ngoba abafana abanjengaye bathanda ukweqisa. Ngokwesibonelo, ngemva kokuba u-Ivan ehlasele iNovgorod, wagqokisa umbhishobhi wabo omkhulu ngesikhumba sebhere futhi wamzingela ngokoqobo nezinja.
Abanye abaningi abangazange babe nenhlanhla yokwembeswa ngoboya obufudumele baboshelwa ezihlibhini futhi baqhutshelwa emanzini abandayo. Umndeni wakhe nawo wawungaphephile. Ngemva kwengxabano eshubile, u-Ivan wagwaza indlalifa yakhe kangangokuthi walimala ebuchosheni futhi ekugcineni wafa. Ngesinye isikhathi, u-Ivan wahlasela umalokazana wakhe owayekhulelwe waze waphuphunyelwa yisisu. Okuxakayo ukuthi u-Ivan udlule emhlabeni kancane, ehlushwa isifo senhliziyo ngo-1584 ngesikhathi edlala i-chess. Noma ubani owayenesibindi sokudlala naye lo mdlalo cishe uphefumule kakhulu.
6. Leopold II
Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, inkosi yaseBelgium uLeopold II yasungula ikoloni lokuqala elizimele emhlabeni, iCongo Free State emaphakathi ne-Afrika. U-Leopold wayezibona engumvikeli weDemocratic Republic of the Congo, kodwa isifiso sakhe sokusabalalisa inkolo yobuKristu nokwenza izinqwaba zemali ekhuluphele kwaholela emashumini eminyaka ezisebenzi eziphoqelelwe kanye nodlame olubhekiswe kubantu bendawo. ULeopold waceba ngokuhweba ngamazinyo endlovu futhi waceba nakakhulu lapho eqaphela ukuthi indawo yakhe yayichichima izihlahla zenjoloba.
Ukwanda kwezimoto namabhayisikili kwashintsha izithakazelo zebhizinisi lika-Leopold zaba ukuhweba ngenjoloba. Futhi wayezimisele ukwenza noma yini ukuze agcine ibhizinisi lidlondlobala. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwenjoloba akupheli, uLeopold wayala ukuba abantu bendawo baphoqeleke ukuthi basebenze njalo. Lokhu kwaqinisekiswa ukwanda kokuthunjwa, ukuhlaselwa, nokushaywa okunonya okuvakashelwa kunoma ubani owayemelana noma ongazange asebenze ngokushesha ngokwanele.
Njengoba eyindoda ehlakaniphile, uLeopold wayefuna ukuqinisekiswa ukuthi abangaphansi kwakhe babengachithi noma yiziphi izinhlamvu ezilwaneni. Ngakho, wabayala ukuba bamlethele amakhanda anoma iziphi izisebenzi ababezephule ukuze babonise ukuthi babengazilahli izinhlamvu ngokungenasidingo. Namuhla, izazi-mlando zilinganisela ukuthi uLeopold namakoloni akhe babulala abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-10.
7. IPol Pot
Amabutho ase-US eVietnam ngeminyaka yawo-1960 kanye nawo-1970 agqugquzela uguquko lwezepolitiki eCambodia, lapho iPol Pot iphakathi nendawo. Wayefuna ukuqeda noma yikuphi ucezu lwe-capitalism eCambodia futhi wasungula umphakathi wamaKhomanisi we-Agrarian ngokugcwele. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abantu baseCambodia babefuna noma cha, iqembu lika-Pol Pot i-Khmer Rouge lathatha izintambo ngo-1975 futhi lasebenza ngokushesha icebo lakhe. Abantu baseCambodia abayizigidi ezi-2 baphoqeleka ukuba baphume edolobheni bayosebenza emasimini. Umgomo wawuwukwakha isigaba sabalimi futhi kuqedwe abantu basemadolobheni kanye nezihlakaniphi zaseCambodia.
Eqinisweni, isigaba sabalimi sasinganakwa kangangokuthi satshelwa, “Ukunigcina akusizi ngalutho, ukukubhubhisa akukhona ukulahlekelwa.” I-Pol Pot yayinonya olubanzi olwaluhlanganisa indlala edlangile, izifo, nesijeziso sokufa esivamile. Abalimi abaningi abakwazile ukugwema konke lokho basebenza kanzima emasimini. Nakuba abusa iminyaka emine kuphela phakathi kuka-1975 no-1979, waba necala lokulahlekelwa kwemiphefumulo ecishe ibe yizigidi eziyi-1.5.
8. UMaximilien Robespierr
UMaximilien Robespierre ungumuntu onempikiswano emlandweni. Ubengummeli wamalungelo okuvota jikelele. Futhi walwa nokucwaswa ngokwebala nenkolo. Okokuqala nje, u-Robespierre wayengumbusi ovelele ngesikhathi soguquko olwaziwa ngokuthi uMbuso WaseFrance Wobushokobezi. Ngesikhathi esesihlalweni esikhulu, wabopha abantu abangaphezu kuka-300,000 abasolwa ngobugebengu obubhekiswe kuhulumeni. Kusolwa ukuthi wabulala eziningi zalezi ziboshwa ezingu-40,000.
URobespierre wakhethwa njengenhloko yekomidi lezokuphepha komphakathi ngo-1793, ekuqaleni kweNguquko YaseFrance. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho aqala khona ukuqinisa isandla sakhe esicindezelayo kubantu baseFrance, ethulisa noma yimaphi amazwi okuphikisa aqala ukuvela ngokumelene neRiphabhulikhi entsha. I-ego kaRobespierre yaqala ukuba ngcono kuye. Futhi i-paranoia yakhe eyandayo yamholela ekutholeni umngane omuhle ku-guillotine.
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi uMaximilien wathumela abantu abacishe babe ngu-17,000 ku-guillotine, kuhlanganise nababengabambisene nabo njengoGeorges Danton. Lapho uRobespierre ezama ukugxilisa inkolo yesizwe, ngokuphambene nezinkolelo zakhe ayezikholelwa ngaphambili, abantu bakubo baqala ukumjikela. Ngokushintshashintsha kwesiphetho esifanele ingoma ka-Alanis Morissette, uRobespierre wenziwa amasentimitha ambalwa abe mfushane nge-guillotine ngo-1794.
9. UTalaat Pasha
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, uhulumeni wase-Ottoman waqala ukubona ukukhuphuka kwenhlangano entsha yezombangazwe eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Young Turks, eholwa nguTalaat Pasha, isishoshovu sezombusazwe kanye nomgxeki owaziwayo kaSultan Abdul Hamid II. Umgomo we-Young Turks kwakuwukusungula uhlelo olusha lwezwe olungakhipha amandla kancane kancane ku-sultan. I-sultan izohlala iyinhloko yezwe ngesihloko, kodwa i-Young Turks yaqala ukuqhuba umbukiso ngemuva kwezigcawu. Ukuqala kweMpi Yezwe I kwabona abaseTurks abasebasha bechema neJalimane ne-Austria.
Abantu abaningi base-Armenia ababehlala ngaphansi kokulawula kwama-Ottoman bahlangana namaRussia, benethemba lokuthola inkululeko uma iRussia iyinqoba impi. Ngenxa yokuthi wayengeyena umuntu oguquguquka ngokwesabekayo noma ocabangelayo, uPasha wabheka lokhu njengokungalaleli okusobala. Futhi kwamthukuthelisa. Wathutha ngenkani abantu base-Armenia abangaphezu kwesigidi abavela e-Anatolia, eConstantinople, nakwezinye izifundazwe zaseSyria naseMesopotamia, ezazizwelana namabutho aseRussia.
Ukuthutha kwakungeyona into emnandi. Abadingiswa abangazange basuswe ngokushesha bayalwe ukuba bamashi okufa. Labo abaxoshwa bakhuthazelela unyaka wobunzima nesihluku esibizwa ngokuthi UkuQothulwa Kwesizwe Kwase-Armenia, okwathatha ukuphila kwabantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-1.5. Ekugcineni, ama-Ottoman aphoqeleka ukuba azinikele emabuthweni ahlangene. U-Pasha washiya isikhundla sakhe se-Grand Vizier futhi wabaleka nama-Young Turks. Wahlala ekudingisweni kwaze kwaba yilapho umbulali eshaya ithikithi lakhe ngo-1921.
10. UNero
UNero wayengumbusi waseRoma kusukela ngo-54 kuya ku-68 AD, umbusi wokugcina wobukhosi bukaJulio-Claudian. Unina kaNero, u-Agrippina Omncane, wayebusa ukuphila kukaNero esemncane nezinqumo kwaze kwaba yilapho emlahla futhi embulala iminyaka emihlanu ekubuseni kwakhe. Ukubusa kukaNero kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nobushiqela nokweqisa. UNero wadala umonakalo omkhulu eMbusweni WamaRoma.
Washisa amadolobha, wabulala izinkulungwane zabantu nawo wonke amalungu emndenini wakhe. Abantu bagwazwa, bashiswa, babiliswa, babethelwa futhi babethelwa. IGreat Fire of Rome yancengwa uNero ukusula indlela yesakhiwo sakhe sobukhosi esasihlelile, iDomus Aurea. Wathatha amaKhristu njengemikhuhlane yomlilo wawashisa ephila, kubukeka sengathi awagqugquzelwa ubulungiswa bomphakathi kepha ngesihluku somuntu siqu.