Ukuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi kwamanye amazwe kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokuthutha impahla phezu kwemingcele, ehambisana nemithetho nemigomo eminingi. Umhlaba oyinkimbinkimbi wemikhumbi yamazwe ngamazwe ungahlukaniswa ube yizinyathelo ezijwayelekile, ezihlanganisa; imibhalo, ezokuxhumana, ezokuthutha, nokuphathwa kwezimpahla. Ukuze uthole umkhiqizo ebhizinisini uye kulowo owuthumelayo, umkhiqizo kufanele uqedele ukuthekelisa nokuthekelisa kwamanye amazwe, ukugcinwa kwempahla, ukugunyazwa kwempahla, kanye nempahla. Amabhizinisi amaningi aqasha izinkampani embonini yezokuthutha yomhlaba wonke ukuze zisize ngezidingo zabo zokuthutha zamazwe ngamazwe.
1. Thumela ukuthutha kwamanye amazwe
Ukuthutha okuthekelisa ngaphandle kuthutha umkhiqizo usuka ebhizinisini lokuthumela uyiswe endaweni yomthumeli wamazwe ngamazwe. Indlela yokuthutha incike kukho kokubili umkhiqizo othunyelwayo kanye nesivumelwano somthumeli nothumeli. Umthumeli wempahla cishe uzothutha impahla ngaphandle uma othunyiwe enesibopho sayo yonke inqubo yokuthumela ngemikhumbi yamazwe ngamazwe. Uma kungenjalo, inkampani yezokuthutha yasendaweni iphatha ukuthutha okuthekelisa ngaphandle. Uma umkhiqizo uqukethe okungaphansi komthwalo wesitsha sonke (LCL), ugcinwa endaweni yokugcina impahla yomdluliseli wamazwe ngamazwe kuze kudluliswe inkombiso yokuthekelisa.
2. Sula amasiko okuthekelisa
Ngaphambi kokuthi umkhumbi uhambe ezweni, kufanele usule zonke izidingo zentela. Ingcweti yezamasiko eqinisekisiwe ilungiselela futhi ifake amadokhumenti ehhovisi lempahla ukuze athunyelwe. Ibhizinisi lokuthumela impahla lingaqasha umthumeli wamazwe ngamazwe nabasebenzeli bempahla ephumayo abagunyaziwe noma lithole umthengisi wendlu yangokwezifiso aqokelwe ukuthunyelwa kwabo. Lapho isimemezelo sokuthunyelwa senziwe, futhi imvume yokungena senziwe, isilungele ukuthuthwa kwamanye amazwe kanye nokuthutha ngomoya noma olwandle.
3. Thumela ukusingatha
Ukuphatha ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kulungiselela ukuthunyelwa kwezokuthutha kohambo lwamazwe ngamazwe ngesikebhe noma ngendiza. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa ukuthunyelwa okuningi esitsheni esisodwa sokuthumela uma kunesidingo, ukuthutha iziqukathi eziyise emachwebeni, kanye nokuthola iziqukathi zilayishwe emkhunjini noma endizeni. Inkampani yamazwe ngamazwe yokudlulisela phambili iphethe le nqubo, kodwa kukumthumeli nothumeli ukuthi anqume ukuthi iyiphi inkampani yokudlulisela okufanele ayikhethe nokuthi ubani oyikhokhelayo.
4. Ukuthutha olwandle noma emoyeni
Ukuthunyelwa kuhanjiswa ngolwandle noma ngomoya, kuye ngezidingo ezithile zokuthunyelwa. Ukuthutha ngendiza kubiza kakhulu, kodwa kuyashesha ukwedlula olwandle. Izimpahla zasolwandle ziyindlela engabizi kakhulu. Ngenkathi izidingo zokuthunyelwa, njengesikhathi sokuthumela kanye nosayizi we-oda, zinquma indlela yomthwalo wempahla, inkampani yokudlulisela impahla kwamanye amazwe ikhetha ulayini wokuthumela noma inkampani yokuthutha ngomoya. Inkontileka phakathi kwenkampani yokudlulisela phambili kanye nenkampani yenqola yamazwe ngamazwe ayifaki umthumeli wangempela noma othunyiwe.
Umthumeli kanye nothumeli banquma ukuthi ubani okhokhela inkampani yokudlulisela le sevisi. Abathintekayo kufanele futhi banqume ukuthi ubani othatha ingozi yezezimali kanye nesibopho sokuthunyelwa. Lokhu kushiwo kusetshenziswa Imibandela Yezentengiselwano Yamazwe Ngamazwe (I-Incoterms) okufanele ifakwe kumadokhumenti okuthumela, njengenkontileka yokuthengisa, i-oda lokuthenga, ama-invoyisi e-proforma nama-invoyisi okuhweba, kanye Nomthethosivivinywa Wokulayishwa Kwempahla.
5. Sula amasiko avela kwamanye amazwe
Isizwe esingenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe sinemithetho nemithetho yaso yokuthunyelwa kwempahla engenayo. Ukuthunyelwa kuzohlala endaweni yokugcina impahla ebophezelekile ngokwezifiso kuze kube yilapho umenzeli wempahla oqeqeshiwe eqoka kumafayela okuthunyelwa amadokhumenti adingekayo. Ngokufanayo namasiko okuthekelisa, i-ejenti ihambisa isimemezelo futhi igcwalise noma yimiphi imisebenzi yokungenisa ukuze isule amasiko wokungenisa. I-ejenti iqokwa yinkampani ethumela impahla noma umthumeli wangempela.
6. Ngenisa ukuphatha
Ukuphatha ukungenisa impahla ukuhanjiswa kwezimpahla zisuka emkhunjini noma endizeni ziye endaweni yokugcina impahla. Ngokufanayo nokuphatha izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, kuhilela ukuthulula iziqukathi, ukuzithutha zisuka esikhumulweni semikhumbi ziyiswe endaweni yokugcina impahla, ukuthulula isitsha, nokulungiselela lowo othunyiweyo. Umthumeli wempahla uyaxhumanisa futhi akhokhele ukuphathwa kokungenisa, bese inani lidluliselwa kumthumeli noma kumthumeli.
7. Ukuthuthwa kwamanye amazwe
Isinyathelo sokugcina ochungechungeni lokuhlinzeka ngezinto zokuthutha zamazwe ngamazwe senzeka lapho impahla ethunyelwayo isuka endaweni yokugcina impahla ukuze iqoqwe othunyiwe. Phakathi nale ngxenye yenqubo yezokuthutha, noma umthumeli wezimpahla uhambisa impahla noma uqasha inkampani yezokuthutha yasendaweni ukuthi iyidonse ngesitimela, iloli, noma kokubili. Uma ukuthunyelwa sekufikile endaweni yothumeli, umthwalo wemfanelo ushintshela kulowo othunyiwe. Lesi ukuphela kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngamazwe ngamazwe.