Ukubaleka kwenjini kadizili yisimo esithinta izinjini zikadizili, lapho injini idonsa khona uphethiloli owengeziwe emthonjeni ongahlosiwe ngaphandle kwesistimu yokufaka uphethiloli yemoto. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, isivinini senjini (i-RPM) sikhuphuka kakhulu futhi ngokungalawuleki, sikhiqize isilinganiso esiphindwe kashumi, futhi siyama kuphela lapho ukugeleza kukaphethiloli ongaphandle kukhishwa noma isitshalo esinamandla sinomonakalo omkhulu (ama-bearings abanjwe, izinduku eziphukile, i-crank, njll.).
Khumbula, izishisi zikawoyela zidala amandla omlilo ngokusebenzisa uphethiloli nomoya kuphela. Ayikho inhlansi. Ngakho-ke, uma uphethiloli ukhula, injini izosebenza ngokushesha. Ekuphepheni kwenjini kadizili, inhlanganisela kawoyela ongashiswanga kanye nowoyela wenjini kungaholela esimweni sokubaleka uma ukushaywa kungaphezu kokwanele ukuthi leyo ngxube ifinyelele endaweni evuthayo. Futhi, ngama-turbodiesel, uwoyela kwesinye isikhathi ungenza injini ibaleke.
Konke kumayelana nophethiloli. Ama-turbocharger amaningi angaphakathi agcotshwa ngamafutha enjini, okungaba yimbangela yesimo sokubaleka uma noma lapho ephula ama-seal e-turbo. Njenge-blow-by, i-lubricant ingena ekamelweni elivuthayo futhi ikhuthaze ukwanda kwe-rpm. Isibonelo esifana nalesi, uwoyela uwumthombo kaphethiloli, futhi umphumela uvame ukuba mkhulu (futhi uyabiza).
Izimbangela zenjini ebalekayo
Enjinini kadizili, i-torque nesivinini sokuzungeza kulawulwa ngendlela yekhwalithi yetorque. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, ngokushaywa ngakunye, injini idonsa umoya ongaxutshwe nophethiloli; uphethiloli ujovwa kusilinda ngemva kokuba okuqukethwe kwawo kucindezelwe ngesikhathi sokucindezela. Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lomoya eduze nokuphela kokucindezela kokucindezela kubangela ukuvutha okuzenzakalelayo kwengxube njengoba uphethiloli ujovwa.
I-torque ephumayo ilawulwa ngokulungisa isisindo sikaphethiloli ojovwe; lapho uphethiloli ujovwa kakhulu, i-torque iyanda. Ukulungisa inani likaphethiloli elitholiwe nge-stroke ngayinye kushintsha ikhwalithi ye-air-fuel-ingxube, futhi ukulungisa inani lengxube ngokwayo akudingekile yingakho izinjini ze-diesel zingenawo ama-throttle valves.
Izinjini zikadizili zingashisa izinhlobo eziningi zikawoyela, okuhlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi zikawoyela, uphethiloli, namagesi avuthayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma kukhona noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuvuza noma ukungasebenzi okwandisa inani lamafutha noma uphethiloli ongena ngokungenhloso ekamelweni elivuthayo, ikhwalithi ye-air-fuel-mixture izokhuphuka, okwenza i-torque nesivinini sokujikeleza kwande. Ukuvuza kukaphethiloli namafutha okubangela ukuthi injini ibaleke ingaba nezimbangela zangaphakathi nangaphandle.
Izivalo eziphukile noma i-turbocharger ephukile ingase ibangele inani elikhulu lenkungu kawoyela ukuthi ingene endaweni eningi yokungena, kuyilapho amaphampu omjovo angasebenzi angabangela inani elikhulu likaphethiloli ukuthi lifakwe ngqo egumbini elivuthayo. Uma injini kadizili isebenza endaweni lapho kusetshenziswa khona amagesi avuthayo, ukuvuza kwegesi kungase kubangele ukuba injini ibaleke uma igesi ingangena endaweni eningi yokungena yenjini.
Indlela yokuvimbela injini ebalekayo
Ukubaleka kwenjini kadizili kungavinjelwa ngokufaka amadivayisi aphakathi komugqa, njenge-Pacbrake's PH2 PowerHalt Shut-Off Valve, ishubhu eliqukethe ipuleti levalvu lesitayela sovemvane elifakwe emoyeni ongenisayo. Uma icushiwe - ngokuzenzela, noma ngogesi/ngokuzenzakalelayo - nge-RPM enqunyiwe, i-blade yangaphakathi iyavala futhi inqamule ukugeleza komoya, okube sekuminyanisa injini.
Ukufaka i-valve yokuvala kuwumqondo omuhle, ikakhulukazi kuma-rigs amadala anamakhilomitha aphakeme kanye nezinjini ezine-blow-by ngokweqile, noma amaloli anamandla amakhulu amahhashi asetshenziselwa ukuncintisana kwe-dyno ne-sled-donsa. Ukuvalwa kwenjini akukwazi nje kuphela ukuvimbela ukwehluleka kwenjini okuyinhlekelele, futhi kungasindisa nabagibeli beloli ekubeni balinyazwe kabi noma babulawe ama-shrapnel ekuqhumeni kwenjini.
Indlela yokumisa injini ebalekayo
Ngenkathi ukuvala injini ngokubuyisela ukhiye usuka lapho ugijima khona kuwumcabango oqondakalayo wokuxega amadolo, ukwenza lokhu ngeke kusebenze ezinjinini zokucindezelwa/zokushisa. Ngokungafani nezinjini zegesi, ukuthungela kukadizili akufani nenhlansi ye-gasser, ebizwa nangokuthi ukuthungela.
Iqhinga lokujika ukhiye aliyize. Isishisi sikawoyela esibalekile kufanele sinqatshelwe uphethiloli - ngokuphelele futhi ngokushesha - noma siminyaniswe size sife, ngokwezwi nezwi, ngokucindezela wonke umoya waso, nganoma iyiphi indlela engenzeka. Indlela yokugcina isetshenziswa kabanzi futhi isindise izinjini eziningi ekubhujisweni ngokuphelele. Nakhu okumele ukwenze:
- Gcoba ihood futhi uvimbele umoya owungenisayo, usebenzisa isembozo (indwangu) ngokoqobo noma ipulaki: Amasistimu wokuvala umoya wokungenisa umoya awukuphela kwendlela efakazelwe, ethembekile yokumisa injini kadizili uma isiqalile ukubaleka. Ungalindi kuze kushaye isikhathi sokuvikela abantu bakho kanye nezinto zokusebenza kule nhlekelele engagwemeka.
- Sebenzisa i-CO2 isicishamlilo: Indlela ephephe kunazo zonke yokumisa injini ye-diesel ebalekile iwukuqondisa i-CO2 isicishamlilo esingenile emoyeni ukucisha injini.
- Ukuncipha kokutholakala kukaphethiloli: Uma imoto yakho ineswishi evimba ukuhanjiswa kukaphethiloli ukusuka ethangini ukuya enjinini, yisebenzise. Ungase futhi unqamule mathupha ukuxhunywa kukagesi kwephampu yamafutha ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwesihlalo sangemuva ezimotweni zabagibeli.
Izinjini ezifakwe i-decompressor nazo zingamiswa ngokusebenzisa i-decompressor, futhi emotweni ene-manual transmission ngezinye izikhathi kungenzeka ukumisa injini ngokufaka igiya eliphezulu (okungukuthi, 4th, 5th, 6th, njll.), ngezinyawo. ibhuleki nelokupaka lifakwe ngokugcwele, futhi lidedela i-clutch ngokushesha ukuze libambezele i-RPM yenjini ukuze ime, ngaphandle kokuhambisa imoto. Lokhu kufanele kube okokugcina ngoba kungadala umonakalo omkhulu kuwo wonke u-gearbox, ikakhulukazi u-gearbox, kodwa lokhu kusebenza kungasindisa injini.