I-inthanethi, inethiwekhi yamanethiwekhi axhumanisa amakhompiyutha emhlabeni wonke, yavela ngo-1969 futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ibe nezinguquko eziningi zobuchwepheshe kanye nengqalasizinda ukuze ifinyelele kulokhu eyikho namuhla. Inhloso yokuqala ye-inthanethi njengendlela yokwabelana ngolwazi iye yanda ngaphezu kwalokho phakathi neminyaka edlule, futhi isiyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwethu.
Ukwethulwa kwe-World Wide Web ngu-Tim Berners-Lee kudlale indima enkulu ekuguquleni izimpilo zethu ngezindlela ezintsha. Iwebhu, echazwe njengeWorld Wide Web, iyiqoqo lamawebhusayithi akhiwe phezu kwe-inthanethi. Lawa mawebhusayithi aqukethe ulwazi olungamakhasi ombhalo, izithombe zedijithali, amavidiyo, umsindo njll., abasebenzisi abangalanda noma yikuphi emhlabeni.
Yasungulwa ngo-1989, i-WWW iguquke kancane kancane isuka esimweni sayo sokuqala sekhasi elimile yaya enguqulweni esebenzisanayo esiyibonayo namuhla. Iwebhu yanamuhla ebandakanyayo nesebenzisanayo, ithuluzi elihamba phambili elisetshenziswa izigidigidi ukufunda, ukubhala nokwabelana ngolwazi nokuxhumana nabanye emhlabeni wonke, isidlule ezigabeni eziningi zokuziphendukela kwemvelo kusukela yasungulwa. Ake sibone ukuthi lezi zigaba ziyini, nokuthi iwebhu iguquke kangakanani kusukela yazalwa.
1.0 Web
I-Web 1.0, inguqulo yokuqala ye-World Wide Web yathuthukiswa ngu-Tim Berners-Lee ngo-1989 okwahlala kwaze kwaba ngu-2004. Ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi iwebhu yokufunda kuphela, amawebhusayithi alesi sikhathi ayenolwazi kuphela futhi ehlanganisa okuqukethwe okumile. Ayengenakho okuqukethwe okusebenzisanayo noma izingxenye zedizayini futhi ayexhunywe ngokuyinhloko ngezixhumanisi. Ukwengeza, ama-imeyili ombhalo kuphela ayevunyelwe ukuthi abhalwe futhi athunyelwe ngalezo zikhathi, kuyilapho izithombe zingakwazi ngisho ukulayishwa noma zinamathiselwe.
Noma kunjalo, amakhasi amile asingathwe kumaseva ewebhu aphethwe yi-ISPS noma abahlinzeki bokusingatha iwebhu mahhala kwakungamakhasi abo siqu, ayethandwa kakhulu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abasebenzisi bakhokhiswe ngekhasi ngalinye abalifundayo, okuhlanganisa izinkomba ezibavumela ukuthi bathole ulwazi oluthile. Sekukonke, i-Web 1.0 bekuyinethiwekhi yokulethwa kokuqukethwe (CDN) evumela ukuboniswa kolwazi kumawebhusayithi lapho abasebenzisi basebenzise khona izinto ezibonakalayo ngaphandle kokuba nenketho yokushiya izibuyekezo, amazwana noma ezinye izinhlobo zempendulo.
2.0 Web
I-Web 2.0, eyaziwa nangokuthi isizukulwane sesibili sewebhu, iwebhu edlangile yenkathi yethu eyavela ngo-2004 futhi isathuthuka. Kuthathwa njengewebhu yokufunda ekhuthaza ukusebenzisana komsebenzisi, okuwukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kunokuxhumana kwendlela eyodwa okuvunyelwe i-Web 1.0. Inika amandla amawebhusayithi ukuthi akhiqize okuqukethwe okukhiqizwa umsebenzisi, ithuthukisa ukusebenziseka nokusebenzisana kubasebenzisi bokugcina, ngaleyo ndlela, iyenze ibe iwebhu yezokuxhumana ebambe iqhaza okuyiyo.
Ukuxhumana nokuxhumana kwe-Web 2.0 kuholele ekuthuthukisweni kwezinkundla zokuxhumana ezifana ne-Facebook, Twitter, YouTube noma i-Discord, lapho abasebenzisi bengalayisha khona okuqukethwe abanye abasebenzisi abangakubuka futhi banikeze impendulo kukho. Konke lokhu kuholele ekutheni i-inthanethi inwebeke kumadivayisi eselula afana nama-iPhone nama-Android, okuholela ekubuseni kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana ne-WhatsApp, Instagram, Uber ne-Paytm.
Njengoba izimo zokusetshenziswa ze-Web 2.0 zanda zisuka endleleni yokuxhumana kanye nokuqoqwa kolwazi ziye kwezohwebo nge-inthanethi nokunye okwengeziwe, inani labasebenzisi liphinde lakhula laba izigidigidi, ngokufanayo lathuthukisa ukudalwa kokuqukethwe okukhiqizwa umsebenzisi. Ngenxa yalokho, i-Web 2.0 yaba "iwebhu njengenkundla", lapho izinhlelo zokusebenza zesofthiwe zaqala ukwakhiwa.
3.0 Web
Iqondwa njengesizukulwane esilandelayo sewebhu, i-Web 3.0 iyiwebhu esebenzisekayo noma inguqulo efundwayo yewebhu. Yaziwa nangokuthi iwebhu ye-semantic futhi iyisandiso seWebhu Yomhlaba Wonke esebenzisa amazinga abekwe yi-World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Ihlose ukwenza i-inthanethi ihlakaniphe ngokuphatha ulwazi ngobuhlakani obunjengobomuntu kusetshenziswa amasistimu obuhlakani bokwenziwa.
U-Tim Berners-Lee uqambe igama elithi Semantic Web, elisho inguqulo yewebhu engaxhuma yonke into ezingeni ledatha. Uthe ngokuvela kwewebhu ye-semantic, "izindlela zansuku zonke zokuhweba, i-bureaucracy kanye nezimpilo zethu zansuku zonke zizophathwa ngemishini ekhuluma nemishini. “Ama-intelligent agents” abantu asebewashilo isikhathi eside azogcina esenziwe imizimba yabantu.
Ku-inthanethi yanamuhla, kunezisele zolwazi. Isibonelo, imininingwane oyilayishayo ku-LinkedIn ngeke ibuyekezwe ngokuzenzakalelayo ku-Facebook noma ku-Twitter ngoba ayixhunyiwe. UBerners-Lee wayehlose ukuxhuma lonke ulwazi ngokuxhumanisa amakhasi ewebhu futhi awenze asebenzisane ukuze kungabikho muntu owake wadinga ukulayisha ulwazi lwakhe ngokuhlukene ezisekelweni ezihlukene ze-inthanethi.