Imingcwabo yamaSilamsi ilandela amasiko athile, nangona ixhomekeke ekutolikweni kwengingqi kunye nokwahluka ngokwesiko. Noko ke, kuzo zonke iimeko, i<em>sharia (umthetho wenkolo yamaSilamsi) ibiza ukungcwatywa komzimba ngokukhawuleza, ilandelwa sisithethe esilula esibandakanya ukuhlamba nokugquma umzimba, kulandele salah (umthandazo). Ngokuqhelekileyo ukungcwatywa kwenzeka kwiiyure ezingama-24 zokufa ukukhusela abaphilayo kuyo nayiphi na imiba yococeko, ngaphandle kwakwimeko yomntu obulewe edabini okanye xa kurhanelwa intlondi; kwezo meko, kubalulekile ukufumanisa isizathu sokufa ngaphambi kokungcwatywa. Ukutshiswa komzimba akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo kwiSilamsi.
Isiko lokungcwaba kufuneka lenziwe ngokukhawuleza kwaye libandakanye:
- Ukuhlamba umzimba ofileyo ngokudibeneyo, ngaphandle kweemeko ezingaqhelekanga, njengakwidabi lase-Uhud.
- Ukugquma umzimba ofileyo ngomqhaphu omhlophe okanye ilinen.
- Umthandazo womngcwabo.
- Ukungcwatywa kwesidumbu engcwabeni.
- Ukubeka umfi ukuze intloko ijonge ngaseMecca (Makkah Al-Mukarramah).
1. Ukuhlamba umzimba
Isidumbu siyahlanjwa (ghusl, sihlambe), ngenjongo zokucoca umzimba kofileyo. Indlela ngqo, indlela, isimbo kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswayo ukuhlamba isidumbu zinokwahluka ngokwendawo nangokwexeshana, ngaphandle kokuba kufuneka kwenziwe ngamanzi ashushu. Ukuhlamba umzimba ofileyo sisiko elibalulekileyo leSunnah yomprofeti wamaSilamsi, kwaye ke liyinxalenye yeSharia yamaSilamsi. Oku kufuneka kwenzeke ngokukhawuleza emva kokubhubha, ngakumbi ngaphakathi kweeyure.
Ukuziqhelanisa neOthodoki kukuhlamba umzimba inani elingaqhelekanga lamaxesha (ubuncinci kube kanye) ngelaphu eligubungela i-awrah (amalungu asondeleyo omzimba womntu ekufuneka, ngokwe-Islam Sharia, agutyungelwe yimpahla). I "washer" ziqhelekile ukuba ngamalungu osapho asondeleyo, abesini esifanayo nabangasekhoyo. Kwiimeko zokufa ngogonyamelo okanye iingozi, apho umfi eye wakhathazwa okanye wenzakaliswe, iindawo zokugcina izidumbu zilungisa umzimba zize ziwusongele kwisigqubuthelo ukunciphisa ukuvuza okungamanzi ngaphambi kokuwunikela kubantu abazilileyo ukuze bahlanjwe.
2. Ukugquma
Isidumbu sisongelwa ngelaphu elilula (i-kafan). Oku kwenzelwa ukuhlonipha isidima kunye nemfihlo yomfi kunye nosapho ngamanye amaxesha abakhona. Ukucaciswa kwesi siko, kubandakanya izinto, isimbo, kunye nombala welaphu, zinokwahluka phakathi kwemimandla. Nangona kunjalo, isigqubuthelo kufuneka silula kwaye sithozame.
Kungenxa yesi sizathu sokuba amaSilamsi ngokubanzi akhethe ukusebenzisa ilaphu elimhlophe lomqhaphu ukuze asebenze njengengubo. Amadoda anokusebenzisa iziqwenga zelaphu ezintathu kuphela kwaye abafazi iziqwenga ezihlanu zelaphu. Umzimba unokugcinwa kweli lizwe kangangeeyure ezininzi, uvumela abo bafuna okuhle ukuba badlulise imbeko novelwano.
3. Umthandazo wokungcwaba
AmaSilamsi asekuhlaleni ahlangana ukuze enze imithandazo yabo ngokudibeneyo yokuxolelwa kwabafileyo. Lo mthandazo ubizwa ngokuba nguSalat al-Janazah (umthandazo kaJanazah). Umthandazo kaJanazah ulandelayo:
- Njengomthandazo we-Eid, umthandazo weJanazah ubandakanya iiTakbir (ezine) ezongezelelweyo, igama lesiArabhu lebinzana elithi Allahu Akbar, kodwa akukho Ruku (ukuqubuda) kunye neSujud (ukuqubuda).
- Kucengcelezwa umntu oswelekileyo kunye noluntu.
- Kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, umthandazo unokuhlehliswa kwaye uthandazwe kwixesha elizayo njengoko kwenziwa kwiDabi lase-Uhud.
- Kuyafuneka ukuba wonke umntu omdala ongumSilamsi oyindoda enze umthandazo womngcwabo emva kokusweleka kwawo nawuphi na umSilamsi, kodwa ngokwesiqhelo nangendlela eyiyo iJanazah yenziwa ngabantu abambalwa ngoko iyayinciphisa loo mfanelo kubo bonke.
4. Umngcwabo
Umzimba ke uyathathwa uyokungcwatywa (al-Dafin). Indlela ngqo, amasiko kunye nesimbo sengcwaba, umngcwabo njalo njalo zinokwahluka ngokwesiko lommandla. Ingcwaba kufuneka lijolise kwicala le-Qibla (okt iMecca) ukuze umzimba, obekwe engcwabeni ngaphandle kwebhokisi elele kwicala lasekunene, ujonge iQibla. Iimpawu zokungcwaba kufuneka ziphakanyiswe, zingabi ngaphezulu kweesentimitha ezingama-30 (12 in) ngaphezulu komhlaba, ukuze ingcwaba lingahanjwa okanye lihlale kulo.
Iimpawu zokungcwaba zilula, kuba imiboniso engaphandle iyatyhafiswa kwi-Islam. Amangcwaba aphawulwa rhoqo nge-wreath elula, ukuba kunjalo. Nangona kunjalo, iya isiba yinto eqhelekileyo kumalungu osapho ukuba akhe amangcwaba. Kwiinkcubeko zaseMbindi Mpuma zamaSilamsi, abafazi badla ngokungavunyelwa ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kumngcelele womngcwabo. Isizathu soku kukuba kwi-Arabia yangaphambi kwexesha lamaSilamsi kwakuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba abafazi babe lusizi ngokubhomboloza kakhulu.
Iintsapho ezizizityebi zihlala zide ziqeshe abagqirha ukuba baye emingcwabeni yesihlobo sabo esingasekhoyo. Ukulila emingcwabeni akuvumelekanga ngokweSahih Bukhari. Abasetyhini bavunyelwe ukuba bazimase okanye babekho xa bengakhali okanye balile okanye bazibethe besentlungwini, ngakumbi ngendlela ebaxekileyo e-Arabia yangaphambi kwexesha lamaSilamsi. Imigangatho emithathu yenqindi yomhlaba opakishwe ngesandla elungiswe kwangaphambili ngabangcwaba isetyenziswa njengeepropu, enye phantsi kwentloko, enye phantsi kwesilevu enye phantsi kwegxalaba.
Ukwehliswa kwesidumbu kunye nokubekwa komhlaba kwiibhola kwenziwa sisizalwane. Kwimeko yendoda eswelekileyo, lo mzalwana udla ngokwenza lo msebenzi. Kwimeko yomfazi ongasekhoyo, umyeni uyakuthatha oku ukuba uyakwazi ngokwasemzimbeni. Ukuba umyeni sele ekhulile, unyana omkhulu (okanye umkhwenyana) unoxanduva lokuthotywa, ukulungelelaniswa kunye nokuphakanyiswa komfi.
UOthododoxy ulindele ukuba abo bakhoyo baphalaze izandla ezintathu engcwabeni ngelixa befunda ivesi ye-quranic ethetha ukuthi, "Sikudalile, sabuya sakubuyisela kuyo, sakuvusa kuyo okwesibini". Eminye imithandazo iyathethwa, icela ukuxolelwa ngongasekhoyo, kwaye ikhumbuza abafileyo ngokuvuma kwabo ukholo. Isidumbu ke singcwatywa ngokupheleleyo ngabangcwaba, abanokuthi bagximfize okanye babethe phantsi ingcwaba limile.
Ngokuqhelekileyo inkunzi endala iya kongamela. Emva komngcwabo amaSilamsi ahlanganisene ukuhlawula imbeko yabo kwabafileyo bebonke bathandazela ukuxolelwa kwabafileyo. Lo mthandazo udityanelweyo ngumthandazo wokugqibela ngokuhlangeneyo kwabafileyo. Kwezinye iinkcubeko, umz. KuMazantsi-mpuma eAsia, izalamane zisasaza iintyatyambo kunye namanzi aqholiweyo anyuka engcwabeni ngaphambi kokushiya ingcwaba.
5. Ukuzila
Ngokwe-Sunni Islam, abathandekayo kunye nezihlobo kufuneka bagcine ixesha leentsuku ezintathu zokuzila. Ukulila kwamaSilamsi kujongwa ngokuzinikela okukhulu, ukufumana iindwendwe kunye novelwano, kunye nokuphepha iimpahla zokuhombisa kunye nobucwebe ngokungqinelana neQur'an. Abahlolokazi bajonga ixesha lokulila elandisiweyo (iddah, ixesha lokulinda), iinyanga ezine neentsuku ezili-10 ubude.
Ngelo xesha, umhlolokazi akazukutshata okanye asebenzisane non-mahram (indoda anokutshata nayo). Lo mgaqo uqinisekisa ukuba umfazi akakhulelwanga ngumntwana oswelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba atshate kwakhona kwaye akhusele umhlolokazi ekugxekweni ngokwenkcubeko okanye ekuhlaleni ukuba unomdla wokuphinda atshate emva kokubhubha komyeni wakhe, ihlala iyimfuneko yoqoqosho.
Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko kaxakeka njengokundwendwela ugqirha ngenxa yempilo engxamisekileyo, umhlolokazi unokunxibelelana non-mahram. Amadoda ayacetyiswa ukuba enze umyolelo oxhasa abafazi babo ngokubonelela ngendawo yokuhlala unyaka omnye kunye nokugcinwa, ngaphandle kokuba abafazi ngokwabo bayaphuma endlwini okanye bathathe elinye inyathelo elifanayo.
I-Sunni Islam ilindele ukuba intetho yosizi ihlale inesidima, kuthintelwe ukukhala kakhulu (ukulila kubhekisa ekulileni ngelizwi elikhulu), ukukhala, ukubetha isifuba nezidlele, ukukrazula iinwele okanye iimpahla, ukwaphula izinto, ukukrwela ubuso okanye ukuthetha amabinzana enza ukuba amaSilamsi aphulukane ukholo. Usizi luvumelekile kwaye yinxalenye yokufa kunye nenkqubo yokungcwaba ukuvumela umntu ukuba amkele ukusweleka komntu oswelekileyo.