Paunenge uchifunga nezvekutenga mota nyowani pane zvinhu zvakati wandei zvekufunga nezvazvo, senge nditore sedan diki kana SUV? Yakawanda sei tekinoroji yandinoda kuti ive nayo? Ndedzipi mhando dzekuchengetedza dzakanyanya kunaka? Mota dzinouya muhukuru hwakasiyana uye masitayipi ane akawanda akasiyana maficha, saka pane zvakawanda zvinhu zvekufunga kana wagadzirira kutenga yako inotevera yekukwira. Imwe yeakanyanya kukosha ndeyekutsvaga iyo chaiyo drivetrain yekuti iwe uwane migwagwa mitsva. Iwe unogona kunge wakanzwa mazwi ekuti drivetrains kana powertrains paunenge uchitenga uchitenderedza mota nyowani.
Chii chinonzi drivetrain uye powertrain?
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, drivetrain ndiyo inoteedzana yezvikamu mumotokari yako zvinoshanda pamwechete kuita kuti mavhiri ako atenderere. A powertrain, kune rumwe rutivi, inonyanya kutyaira pamwe nejini uye zvimwe zvikamu.
Mhando dzemotokari drivetrains
Paunotaura nezve drivetrain zvinogoneka kuti vazhinji vedu tinoziva mhando dzemadhiraivha mumotokari nhasi, asi vanoitei chaizvo? Chii chakasiyana? Ndeipi iri nani pane idzo? Imwe neimwe ine zvakanakira nezvayakaipira uye zvakakosha kuti unzwisise imwe neimwe kuitira kuti uite sarudzo yakanaka mukutenga kwako. Mhando dzakasiyana dzema drivetrains ndeaya:
- Front Wheel Drive (FWD)
- Rear Wheel Drive (RWD)
- 4 Wheel Drive (4WD)
- Yese Wheel Drive (AWD)
Zvekubuda mumigwagwa uye kubuda munzvimbo dzakanamira 4 Wheel Drive uye Yese Wheel Drive inogona kunge iri sarudzo yako yakanaka. Munenge mune zvese zviitiko, zvakadaro, Front Wheel Drive uye Rear Wheel Drive ita kuti basa riitwe, asi iwe unozoda kufunga zvakanakira nekuipira kweFront Wheel Drive uye Rear Wheel Drive sarudzo usati waita sarudzo.
1. Front Wheel Drive (FWD)
Front Wheel Drive (Front Wheel Drive) zvinoreva mota inotumira simba reinjini kumavhiri emberi. Kana mota iine Front Wheel Drive, kufambisa kunotamisa simba kubva muinjini kuenda kumavhiri epamberi. Vazhinji vemota nhasi vane FWD marongero. Iyi setup inoendesa simba kumavhiri epamberi, ichivapa basa rekufambisa uye kutungamira mota. NeFront Wheel Drive, mavhiri emberi ari kudhonza mota uye mavhiri ekumashure haawane simba ega. Chinhu chikuru pamusoro peFWD ndechekuti yakachipa kugadzira nekugadzira pane mamwe madhiraivha zvinoreva kuti mota inogona kunge isingadhure kune vatengi.
FWD inoshanda sei?
Mumotokari idzi injini inotora nzvimbo padyo neakisi yemberi, inozosangana nekutapurirana kana transaxle. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti inosanganisa mabasa ekufambisa, driveshaft uye musiyano, nekudaro nerubatsiro rwe transaxle injini inopa simba chete kumavhiri emberi emotokari. Kutanga muna 1895, vagadziri vemotokari vakaedza motokari dzepamberi.
Front Wheel Drive yakaonekwa muma1900s pane akasiyana prototypes uye yakabuda mukati meiyo 1930s apo French automaker Citroen yakaburitsa traction avant zvinoreva kuti Front Wheel Drive. Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa uye ine simba Front Wheel Drive pasina mubvunzo ndiyo yekutanga Mini. Mota diki dzehupfumi dzakatanga kuchinjika kuenda kuFWD mukati me1970s uye mota zhinji nyowani dzinotengeswa nhasi dzinoshandisa iyi gadziriso.
Zvakanakira zveFWD
Zvakanakira zveFront Wheel Drive mota ndezvi:
- Ivo kazhinji vanowana nani mafuta ehupfumi.
- Vanoburitsa kabhoni dhaikisaidhi shoma.
- Mota dzeFront Wheel Drive dzinowanzo kugadzikana. Injini uye kutapurirana zvinowanikwa zvakananga pamusoro pemavhiri epamberi ayo anogona kupa zvirinani kudhonza kana uchikwira zvikomo uye uchityaira mumigwagwa inotsvedza. Vanogonawo kuchengetedza zviri nani kutsika pamusoro pezvikomo zviduku kana pamusoro pechando chakareruka kana chando nokuti uremu hweinjini huri pamusoro pemavhiri epamberi.
- Front Wheel Drive ine zvinhu zvishoma pane chero imwe drivetrain setup inoita kuti mota ireruke uye kuvandudza mileage yayo yepeturu, ndosaka mota zhinji dzemhando dzehupfumi dziri FWD.
- Kurongedza kunoshanda uye kazhinji nzvimbo yevafambi. NeFront Wheel Drive ese makanika ari kumberi kwemota zvinoreva kuti mukati memotokari mune vafambi uye nzvimbo yekutakura zvinhu.
- Front Wheel Drivee iri nyore system saka iri nyore uye isingadhure kuchengetedza.
Zvakaipa zveFWD
Zvakaipa zveFront Wheel Drive mota ndezvi:
- Kubata kunotambura zvishoma. Sezvo huremu hwese huri kumberi kwemota FWD mota dzinowanzoita understeer, izvi zvinoreva kuti zvinoita kuti kubata kuome.
- Front Wheel Drive ine kukwirisa kwakaipisisa kupfuura Rear Wheel Drive ndosaka mota zhinji dzemitambo nemujaho dzichishandisa RWD. Kana iwe ukatyaira kwakawanda mumigwagwa inomonereka, ungangoona musiyano pakati pemhando mbiri dzakasiyana.
2. Rear Wheel Drive (RWD)
Rear Wheel Drive ndiyo yakapesana neFront Wheel Drive. RWD ndiko kutapurirana kunotumira simba reinjini kumavhiri ekumashure. Iri dhiraivha rinonyanya kuwanikwa pamotokari dzemitambo uye ma performance sedans. Mota dzine Rear Wheel Drive dzakati wedzerei kunetsa. Mota dzinobata zvirinani kupfuura mota dzeFront Wheel Drive uye iwe unozoona mutsauko mumacurves, matenderedzwa, uye kana uchifamba nemumigwagwa.
Kudhonza hakuzove kwakanaka, kunyanya mumigwagwa ine mvura kana kune sinou. Motokari yekumashure ine huremu hwakafanana, simba, giya, uye saizi yetayi uye mhando inomhanya nekukurumidza kupfuura mota yeFront Wheel Drive, sezvo huremu hwemotokari huchibviswa pamavhiri epamberi uye kuenda kumavhiri ekumashure kuti uvandudze. traction. Mota dzeFWD dzinowanzorasikirwa nekufamba mumamiriro ezvinhu aya.
RWD inoshanda sei?
Rear Wheel Drive zvinoreva kuti simba rinobva muinjini rinounzwa kumavhiri ekumashure uye mavhiri ekumashure anosundira mota mberi. Mavhiri emberi haagamuchire chero simba uye akasununguka kufambisa mota. Iyo propeller shaft inoshanda kuendesa torque kubva mukufambiswa kuenda kumavhiri ekumashure kuburikidza nemusiyano unogovera simba pakati pemavhiri maviri. Kurongeka kweRWD kunoda injini uye kutapurirana kuti iiswe kureba.
Mota dzeRear Wheel Drive dziri nane pakudhonzwa nekuti mavhiri emberi ane chidhiraivho chiri nani asina huremu hwetani paari, pamwe nekutamisa magetsi uye huremu hwerurimi rwetirailer kumashure kwemota squats izvo zvinoita kuti mavhiri ekumashure awedzere kukwezvwa. Kana iwe ukanamatira, kuwedzera huremu pamusoro pemavhiri ekumashure kunogona kubatsira. Iyo Rear Wheel Drive system yave iripo kwemakore akawanda iye zvino nemuenzaniso wekutanga kubva ku1885. Hongu, tiri kutaura nezvenguva apo mota yekutanga yenyika yakatangwa nemumwe kunze kwaKarl Benz.
Iyo 1885 Benz Patent Motor Wagon, iyo inowanzoonekwa seyo yekutanga mota yaive Rear Wheel Drive. Rear Wheel Drive mota dzinowanzo kuve nechiyero chiri nani nekuda kwehuremu hwakapararira hwakapararira mumotokari yese. Mota dzeRWD dzine mamwe madhizaini anochinjika sezvo injini inogona kugara kumberi, pakati kana kumashure kwemota, nepo FWD mota dzichida kuti injini igare kumberi.
Rear Wheel Drive inokwanisawo kubata maengine mahombe nekuti huremu uye simba reiyo powertrain hombe haine mukana wekuremedza mavhiri emberi. Iwe uchaona kuti mota dzeRWD dzinowanzo ratidza nzvimbo shoma yemukati pane yakaenzana neFWD, asi vagadziri vanowanzoisa cockpit yakatarisana nekuita ine zvigaro zvinopa rutsigiro rwakawanda uye mamwe mageji ekutarisa zvirinani kuita kwemotokari.
Zvakanakira zveRWD
Zvakanakira mota dzeRear Wheel Drive ndezvi:
- Rear Wheel Drive inovandudza mabatiro nekuda kwekutakura mutoro uye kukurumidza.
- Mari yekuchengetedza ishoma.
- Kudhonza mutoro uri nyore nekuti mavhiri ekudhonza anowanikwa padyo nemutoro.
Zvakaipa zveRWD
Kuipa kwemota dzeRear Wheel Drive ndeidzi:
- Kune nzvimbo shoma yemukati nekuda kweimwe nzvimbo inodiwa yekufambisa uye drive shaft.
- Zvakaoma kufambisa mumamiriro emvura uye kune sinou.
3. 4 Wheel Drive (4WD)
4 Wheel Drive zvinoreva simba rinobva muinjini rinounzwa kumavhiri ese mana nguva yese kana Four-by-Four (4×4) iri kubatanidzwa. Idzo mota dze4WD dzinowanzo kurongedzerwa kesi yekuchinjisa iyo inobvumira mota kuti ichinje kune Rear Wheel Drive kutapurirana kuitira kuchengetedza mafuta uye kudzokera ku4WD modhi kana uye painodiwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti unogona kushandisa mota yako mune maviri mavhiri dhiraivha modhi mumamiriro akajairika ekutyaira.
Mota dzine 4WD dzinodaidzwa kuti Four-by-Four (4x4s) sezvo nhamba yekutanga pano inomiririra nhamba yemavhiri, uye nhamba yechipiri inoratidza huwandu hwemavhiri ane simba. Semuenzaniso, marori ane 6 × 4 magadzirirwo ane 6 mavhiri, kubva mairi mana chete anogamuchira simba. Mazhinji maSUV akagadzirira kubva-mumugwagwa anouya ne4WD system sezvavanopa zvakawanda zvekudhonza. Inokubvumira kutyaira pamusoro pematombo kana zvikomo zvakadzika uye kuburikidza nemvura yakadzika.
4WD inoshanda sei?
Iko kunowanzo kuve nekubatanidzwa kwemuchina pakati pemberi neshure. Iyo 4 Wheel Drive system ine zvinhu zvitatu zvikuru; iyo misiyano, yekuchinjisa kesi uye yekukiya hubs.
- Kusiyanisa: Iri pakati pemavhiri maviri epamberi uye imwe pakati pemavhiri maviri ekumashure. Vanotumira torque kubva padhiraivha shaft kana kutapurirana kumavhiri ekutyaira. Vanobvumirawo mavhiri ekuruboshwe nekurudyi kuti atenderere nekumhanya kwakasiyana kana uchitenderera. Izvo zvakasiyana zvinogonesa musiyano wekumhanya pakati pemukati nekunze mavhiri.
- Chinjana nyaya: Ndiro mudziyo unopatsanura simba pakati pemberi nekumashure. Iyo yekuchinjisa kesi muAll Wheel Drive system ine mudziyo unobvumira mutsauko wekumhanya pakati pemavhiri ekumberi nekumashure. Iyo yekuchinjisa kesi pane imwe-nguva 4 Wheel Drive system inokiya yekumberi axle drive shaft kune yekumashure axle drive shaft saka mavhiri anomanikidzwa kutenderera nekumhanya kwakafanana.
- Kukiya hubs: Kana 4 Wheel Drive isina kubatikana iyo yekukiya hubs inoshandiswa kubvisa mavhiri epamberi kubva kumberi musiyano. Ingori kubva hafu shaft uye yakaoma shaft, iyo yekukiya hub inobvumira iyo hafu yehafu shafts uye dhiraivha shaft kumira kutenderera kana mota iri mumavhiri maviri, kuchengetedza kusakara uye kubvaruka pane izvo zvikamu nekuvandudza hupfumi hwemafuta. Ngatitorei muenzaniso wekona, kana wave kusvika pakona ipapo pakuita kutendeuka ose mavhiri mana achitenderera nekumhanya kwakasiyana, asi kana iwe waizoisa iyo 4WD system, saka sisitimu inoedza kuita kuti mavhiri ese atenderere ipapo. kumhanya kwakafanana, uko kwaizoita kuti kukona kwemugwagwa kunetse.
Haufanire kutyaira mune 4 Wheel Drive modhi nguva dzese, ibatike chete kana ichidikanwa senge kuchinaya kana chando kana iwe uri kure-mumugwagwa. Hunhu hwemotokari idzi isarudzo yekuchinjika kune yakakwirira uye yakaderera reshiyo renji. Yakaderera inopa yakanyanya kukweshera munzvimbo isiri-mugwagwa uye yakakwirira ndeyekutsvedza pamamiriro emugwagwa sechando chechando jecha rakasununguka kana matombo.
Uchishandisa izvi, munhu anogona kuve neakakwira torque kubuda kuti abude mumamiriro anonamira. Iyo 4 Wheel Drive system yakapihwa patent kumashure muna 1893 nainjiniya wechiRungu Bramah Joseph Diplock. Akatogadzira mota ine mavhiri mana ekuratidza kugona kwepamusoro munzvimbo dziri kunze kwenzira. Ehe, pakanga pasisina kucheuka kubva ipapo uye nanhasi vagadziri vemotokari vakasarudza iyi marongerwo emotokari dzaida kubuda mumugwagwa.
Unofanira kutenga motokari ye4WD here?
4 Wheel Drive mota inoenderana zvachose nemamiriro ako ekutyaira uye mashandisiro aunoita mota. Vatyairi vanoenda kunze-mumugwagwa kana kuti vanogara munzvimbo dzine chando chakawanda vangada kufunga nezvekuwedzera kubatsirwa kwe4WD uye kuti vanonzwa vakasununguka sei kutyaira muchando pasina rubatsiro rwe4 Wheel Drive kana All Wheel Drive. 4 × 4 mota dzinozivikanwa nekusimba uye kuita zvakasiyana. Nekudaro, nekuda kweiyo Rear Wheel Drive hunhu mota ye4WD inogona kunge iine kushoma traction pane yayo yeAWD.
Zvakanakira zve4WD
Zvakanakira zve4 Wheel Drive mota ndezvi:
- Inherent traction mukana mune ese mamiriro kunyanya kukurumidza kuburikidza nekutendeuka uye sezvo injini simba rinosvika kana kudarika nhanho inogona kuremedza matai maviri anotyairwa.
Zvakaipa zve4WD
Izvo zvakaipa zve4 Wheel Drive mota ndezvi:
- Kuwedzerwa mutengo uremu uye kukwesha kunoderedza kushanda zvakanaka mumamiriro ese ekutyaira.
4. All Wheel Drive (AWD)
Iyo Yese Wheel Drive kurongeka inoshanda pane yakaringana musimboti wakafanana ne4WD, asi mune yakawanda Front Wheel Drive kana Rear Wheel drive seyekutanga dhiraivha modhi. Kusanzwisisa kwakawanda ndekwekuti AWD uye 4 × 4 chinhu chimwe chete. Nepo ese ari maviri aine mavhiri mana anomhanya, uye anomhanya pamusimboti mumwechete, pane misiyano mikuru inosiyanisa maviri aya.
Nepo mazhinji e4 × 4 anotumira simba kumavhiri ekumashure kana uye pazvinenge zvichidikanwa, mota dzeAWD dzinenge dziri FWD kana RWD, zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu. Ichi chitima chekutyaira chinoshandisa pamberi, kumashure, uye pakati musiyano kupa simba kumavhiri mana emotokari. Yese Wheel Drive isarudzo inodhura uye inoshandisa zvimwe zvikamu.
AWD inoshanda sei?
Chinhu chikuru icho All Wheel Drive system inowanzo sanganisira musiyano wepakati, inova seti yemagiya anopatsanura simba rekutapurirana kumaekisero ekumashure nekumberi. Injini inomhanya mukufambiswa uye yozodzokera kune musiyano. Kazhinji injini inosungirirwa kwenguva refu. Panzvimbo yekubatanidza kune yekumashure mutsauko senge muRear Wheel Drive mota, drive shaft inobatanidza nepakati musiyano.
All Wheel Drive system inenge iine will sensor inokwanisa kuona kana matayi ari kurasika spidhi kana kupfakanyika, kana masensor aona kuti vhiri harisi kuita nemazvo anobva ati kucomputer yemukombi iyi kuti ipe simba rekuwedzera sezvinodiwa. Mota dzese dzeWheel Drive hadzisi kukwanisa kubva mumugwagwa se4 Wheel Drive dziye asi dzinobatsira kuwedzera kukweshera chinova chinhu chinotungamira kuvandudza kugona kwekubata patara.
Zvekare, AWD haina kunyanya kunaka kunze kwemugwagwa asi inogona kubatsira mota kubuda munzvimbo inonamira. Mune yakanakisa mamiriro ezvese-vhiri dhiraivha suvs anogona kushandiswa kune yakapfava off-roading. Yese Wheel Drive system yakagadzirwa muna 1903, makore mashoma mushure meiyo 4 Wheel Drive modhi yakapaza mavhavha. Yakanga iri kugadzirwa kweDutch Brothers Jacobus naHenrik-Jan Spyker uye yakavhurwa kuburikidza nemujaho wekukwira gomo unonzi Spyker 60 HP 4WD. Kunyange yakasimudzirwa se4 Wheel Drive yakanga isiri chinhu kunze kweiyo Yese Wheel Drive marongero.
AWD yakafanana ne4WD here?
Nepo All Wheel Drive system yakanyanya kufanana ne4 Wheel Drive system, haina kunyatsofanana, asi masisitimu ese ari maviri anobatisa ese mavhiri mana panguva imwe chete asi anosiyana pakuti anosvika sei ipapo. Kuti zvionekwe semota dzeAWD ese maekisero anofanirwa kukwanisa kutenderera panguva imwe chete asi nekumhanya kwakasiyana, nepo mota dze4WD dzine kese yekuchinjisa mota dzeAWD dzine musiyano wepakati unomanikidza maekisero ese ari maviri kutenderera nekumhanya kwakafanana. Iyo giya uye yekuchinjisa kesi inowanzo patsanura simba pakati pemberi uye kumashure maaxles, saka ese ari maviri axles anoburitsa iyo yakanyanya kukwanisika huwandu hwe torque.
Zvakanakira zveAWD
Zvakanakira zveAll Wheel Drive mota ndezvi:
- Kuwedzera kurinani. Nemavhiri ose mana kuisa simba kazhinji kuwana kukurumidza kwakawanda kuri nyore.
- Kubata kurinani mukutsvedza. Kunyangwe kuine sinou pasi kana kunaya kwemvura kudonha, Yese Wheel Drive ichaita kuti vhiri ribate zvakanyanya kana uchimhanyisa kana kuchengetedza kumhanya.
Zvakaipa zveAWD
Izvo zvakaipa zveAll Wheel Drive mota ndezvi:
- Kunyanya kushandisa mafuta. Kutumira simba kumaekisero ese ari maviri kunoita kuti mota isaite mafuta.
- Zvimwe zvikamu zvinoreva uremu hwakawanda. Huremu hunoita kuti mota iite zvakanyanya uye ishandise mafuta akawanda, zvikamu zvakawanda zvinoreva zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kutyora.
- Mota dzese dzeWheel Drive dzinowanzo dhura zvakanyanya kuchengetedza, sezvo masevhisi nekugadzirisa zvinogona kudhura zvakanyanya munzira.
Ndeipi drivetrain yakanyanya kunaka?
Ndiwo mumwe wemibvunzo yakaremerwa munyika yemotokari uye mhinduro yacho inonyanya kuenderana nekuti ndiani waunobvunza. Chokwadi ndechekuti zvakanyanya zvinoenderana nemamiriro uye mashandisirwo ehurongwa uye hapana mhinduro chaiyo kana isiriyo. Nepo mota dzemberi dzinotyairwa nevhiri dzinopa kukweva zviri nani nekuda kwehuremu kumberi ivo vanowanzoita understeer kakawanda.
Mota dzeRWD dzine gadziriso isingadhure pane vamwe vadzo asi izvo zvekuwedzera zvinotungamira kumutengo wepamusoro wekutenga. Chero mhando ye4WD system inoonekwa seyakakwirira mumamiriro epasi ekudhonza. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive zvakanakira vaya vanogara munzvimbo dzine sinou yakati kuti kana kuti kune migwagwa yakagadzirwa kana kuti youmbozha. Munguva pfupi yapfuura AWD yave yakakurumbira mumashandisirwo ekuita senzira yekuwedzera traction.