Mao Zedong aive wezvematongerwo enyika wekuChina, Marxist theorist, nyanzvi yemauto, mudetembi, uye mutsigiri aive muvambi wePeople's Republic of China (PRC). Vakatungamira nyika kubva pakuvambwa kwayo muna 1949 kusvika parufu rwavo muna 1976, vachishanda sachigaro weChinese Communist Party panguva iyoyo. Mafungiro ake, mazano echiuto uye marongero anozivikanwa seMaoism. Mao aive mwanakomana wemushakabvu akabudirira muShaoshan, Hunan.
Aitsigira nyika yeChina uye aive nemafungiro ekurwisa maimperialist pakutanga kwehupenyu hwake, uye ainyanya kupesvedzerwa nezviitiko zveXinhai Revolution ya1911 naMay Fourth Movement ya1919. Akazotora Marxism-Leninism achishanda paPeking University semuraibhurari. uye akava nhengo yekutanga yeChinese Communist Party (CCP), achitungamirira Autumn Harvest Uprising muna 1927.
Munguva yeChinese Civil War pakati peKuomintang (KMT) neCCP, Mao akabatsira kuwana Chinese Red Army, akatungamira Jiangxi Soviet's radical reform reform policy, uye akazova mukuru weCCP mukati meLong Kurume. Kunyange zvazvo CCP yakabatana kwenguva pfupi neKMT pasi peChipiri United Front munguva yeHondo Yechipiri yeSino-Japanese (1937-1945), hondo yeChina yakatanga zvakare mushure mokunge Japan yazvipira, uye mauto aMao akakunda hurumende yeNationalist, iyo yakadzokera kuTaiwan mu1949.
Pana 1 Gumiguru 1949, Mao akazivisa hwaro hwePRC, Marxist-Leninist single-party state inodzorwa neCCP. Mumakore akatevera akasimbisa hutongi hwake kuburikidza nemushandirapamwe wekuvandudza ivhu kurwisa varidzi venzvimbo, Mushandirapamwe weKudzvanya Vanopikisa, "Three-anti and Five-anti Campaigns", uye kuburikidza nerunyararo muHondo yeKorea, izvo zvakakonzera kufa kwevatorwa. mamiriyoni akawanda eChinese.
Kubva 1953 kusvika 1958, Mao akaita basa rakakosha mukusimbisa hupfumi hwekuraira muChina, kuvaka Bumbiro rekutanga rePRC, kutanga chirongwa cheindasitiri, uye kutanga zvirongwa zvemauto senge "Mabhomba Maviri, Imwe Satellite" chirongwa uye Project 523. Yake mitemo yekune dzimwe nyika panguva iyi yaitongwa neSino-Soviet kupatsanurwa uko kwakafambisa mukaha pakati peChina neSoviet Union.
Muna 1955, Mao akatanga sangano reSufan, uye muna 1957 akatanga Anti-Rightist Campaign, umo vanhu vanosvika 550,000 1958, kunyanya vakangwara uye vanopikisa, vakatambudzwa. Muna 15, akatanga chirongwa cheGreat Leap Forward icho chaive nechinangwa chekukurumidza kushandura hupfumi hweChina kubva kune agrarian kuenda kumaindasitiri, izvo zvakakonzera Nzara huru yekuChina uye kufa kwevanhu vanosvika miriyoni gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi mashanu neshanu pakati pa55 na1958.
Muna 1963, Mao akatanga Sangano reSocialist Education Movement, uye muna 1966 akatanga Cultural Revolution, chirongwa chekubvisa "anti-revolutionary" zvinhu munharaunda yeChinese iyo yakatora makore gumi uye yakaratidzirwa nekurwisana kwekirasi, kuparadza kwakapararira kwezvigadzirwa zvetsika, uye kukwidziridzwa kusati kwamboitika kwechitendero chaMao chehunhu.
Makumi emamiriyoni evanhu akatambudzwa munguva yeChimurenga, nepo nhamba inofungidzirwa yevakafa inotangira pamazana ezviuru kusvika kumamiriyoni. Mushure memakore ekurwara, Mao akarwara nechirwere chemoyo muna 1976 ndokufa ava nemakore 82. Munguva yeMao, huwandu hwevanhu vekuChina hwakawedzera kubva pamamiriyoni mazana mashanu nemakumi mashanu kusvika pamamiriyoni mazana mapfumbamwe nepo hurumende isina kunyatsoteedzera mutemo wayo wekuronga mhuri. .
Munguva yehutungamiriri hwake, China yaibatanidzwa zvakanyanya nedzimwe mhirizhonga dzemakomunisti dzeAsia dzakadai seHondo yeKorea, Hondo yeVietnam, neCambodian Civil War. Mao anoonekwa semumwe wevanhu vane simba zvakanyanya muzana ramakore rechi20. Mao ane mbiri yekushandura China kubva pahafu-koloni kuenda kune inotungamira nyika simba, ine ruzivo rwepamusoro, kodzero dzevakadzi, hutano hwehutano, dzidzo yepuraimari uye hupenyu hwakavandudzwa.
Mitemo yaMao ndiyo yakakonzera kufa kwevanhu vakawanda, nefungidziro dzinobva pamakumi mana kusvika makumi masere emamiriyoni evakabatwa nekuda kwenzara, kutambudzwa, kushanda mujeri, uye kuurayiwa kwevanhu vakawanda, uye hurumende yake yakatsanangurwa sehudzvanyiriri. Akave munhu ane hunyanzvi uye pesvedzero yakatanhamara pamusoro pesangano remakomunisti repasi rose, achipihwa ndangariro, kuyemura uye chinamato chehunhu panguva uye mushure mehupenyu hwake.
Mamwe eakanakisa makotesheni kubva kuMao Zedong akanyorwa pazasi.
- "Kumukira kwevanhu uye shanduko yevanhu hazvisi zvechisikigo asi hazvidzivisiki." – Mao Zedong
- "Mamiriro ekuchinja angangove aripo munyika chero ipi zvayo umo hurumende inoramba ichitadza kuita basa rayo rekuona kuti hupenyu hune mwero kune ruzhinji rwevagari vayo." – Mao Zedong
- “Chimurenga chimurenga, chiito chechisimba icho rimwe boka rinokunda nacho rimwe.” – Mao Zedong
- “Chimurenga hachisi mabiko echisvusvuro, kana kunyora rondedzero, kana kupenda mufananidzo, kana kurukwa; haigoni kucheneswa kudaro, yakasununguka uye yakapfava, ine mwero, ine mutsa, ine ruremekedzo, inozvidzora uye ine unyoro.” – Mao Zedong
- "Vese vanopindura ingwe yemapepa." – Mao Zedong
- “Uto revanhu harikundiki!” – Mao Zedong
- “Uto risina tsika iuto risina njere, uye uto rine pfungwa dzakapinza harigoni kukunda muvengi.” – Mao Zedong
- “Makirasi anonetsekana, mamwe makirasi anokunda, mamwe anobviswa. Ndizvo zvakaita nhoroondo; yakadaro ndiyo nhoroondo yebudiriro kwezviuru zvemakore.” – Mao Zedong
- “Communism haisi rudo. Communism inyundo yatinoshandisa kupwanya muvengi." – Mao Zedong
- "Dzidza muvengi zvine hungwaru, asi mutore zvakanyanya zvine hungwaru." – Mao Zedong
- "Itai kuti mukadzi wese anogona kushanda kuti atore nzvimbo yake pamberi pebasa, pasi pemutemo wemubhadharo wakaenzana webasa rakaenzana." – Mao Zedong
- "Uipi hahupo muhondo yehugandanga asi mumabasa asina kurongeka uye asina kurangwa ari mhirizhonga." – Mao Zedong
- "Chekutanga, usatya kuomerwa, uye chechipiri, usatya rufu." – Mao Zedong
- "Kuenzana kwechokwadi pakati pevarume nevakadzi kunogona chete kuitika mukushandurwa kwesocialist munharaunda yese." – Mao Zedong
- "Ndinodana vashandi, varimi, uye vazivi vezvematongerwo enyika vemarudzi ose uye vose vanoda kurwisana neUnited States imperialism kuti vatore matanho uye vatsigire zvakasimba kurwisana kwevanhu vatema muUnited States!" – Mao Zedong
- “Ndakaona simba guru remhomho. Panheyo iyi zvinokwanisika kuita chero basa chero ripi zvaro. " – Mao Zedong
- "Ndakakuvhoterai panguva yesarudzo dzenyu dzapfuura." – Mao Zedong
- “Kana uchida kuziva kuravira kwepeya, unofanira kuchinja peya nekuridya wega. Kana uchida kuziva dzidziso uye nzira dzechimurenga, unofanira kutora chikamu mukumukira. Ruzivo rwese rwechokwadi runobva muruzivo rwakananga. " – Mao Zedong
- "Imperialism haizogara kwenguva refu nekuti inogara ichiita zvakaipa." – Mao Zedong
- “Muzhinji, chero nzira yekurovedza muviri, kana ikateverwa nguva dzose, inozobatsira kutidzidzisa mukutsungirira. Kumhanya daro refu kurovedza kwakanaka zvikuru mukutsungirira.” – Mao Zedong
- "Munguva yematambudziko, hatifanirwe kukanganwa zvatakawana." – Mao Zedong
- "Pakumutsa ingwe, shandisa tsvimbo refu." – Mao Zedong
- “Kuongorora kungafananidzwa nemwedzi yakareba yekuzvitakura, uye kugadzirisa dambudziko nezuva rekuzvarwa. Kuongorora dambudziko, zvechokwadi, kurigadzirisa. " – Mao Zedong
- "Zvinogona kutaurwa nechokwadi kuti kuparara kwakakwana kwekolonialism, imperialism, uye hurongwa hwose hwekubiridzira, uye kusunungurwa kwakakwana kwevanhu vose vakadzvinyirirwa nemarudzi enyika hazvisi kure." – Mao Zedong
- "Chengetedza muvengi murima nezvekuti mauto edu acharwisa kupi uye rinhi." – Mao Zedong
- “Dzidzai kubva kuvanhu vazhinji, mozovadzidzisa.” – Mao Zedong
- "Regai maruva ane zana atumbuke, zvikoro zana zvepfungwa ngazvirwe." – Mao Zedong
- “Maruva zana ngaatumbuke.” – Mao Zedong
- "Kurega maruva ane zana achitumbuka uye zana rezvikoro zvepfungwa zvinokwikwidzana ndiwo mutemo wekusimudzira kufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi nesainzi uye tsika iri kusimukira munyika yedu." – Mao Zedong
- "Marxism inoumbwa nezviuru zvezvokwadi, asi dzose dzinoenda kumutsara mumwe chete: Zvakanaka kupandukira." – Mao Zedong
- "Kana kutambura kwese kwabatwa, zvishamiso zvinogoneka." – Mao Zedong
- "Maonero edu pachedu anofanira kunge ari 'kugutsikana mukudzidza' uye kune vamwe 'kusaneta pakudzidzisa'. – Mao Zedong
- “Passivity inouraya kwatiri. Chinangwa chedu ndechekuita kuti muvengi afunge." – Mao Zedong
- "Vanhu vakaita seni vanonzwika kunge makanoni akawanda." – Mao Zedong
- "Vanhu vepasi rese, rambai vakabatana zvakanyanya uye mutange kurwisa kwakasimba uye kwakasimba kurwisa muvengi wedu tese, Imperialism yeU.S., nezvaainazvo!" – Mao Zedong
- "Simba rezvematongerwo enyika rinokura kubva mubhodhoro repfuti." – Mao Zedong
- "Basa rezvematongerwo enyika ndiro ropa rebasa rose rehupfumi." – Mao Zedong
- "Zvematongerwo enyika ihondo isina kudeurwa kweropa nepo hondo iri zvematongerwo enyika nekudeura ropa." – Mao Zedong
- “Kuzvimba musoro, kupera simba makumbo, rurimi rwakapinza asi mudumbu musina chinhu. – Mao Zedong
- “Uto rinofanira kuva chinhu chimwe chete navanhu zvokuti vanozviona sehondo yavo. Uto rakadaro richave risingaonekwe… " – Mao Zedong
- “Bhomba reatomu ingwe yepepa inoshandiswa neveUnited States kutyisidzira vanhu. Zvinotaridzika zvakashata, asi kutaura zvazviri hazvisi. " – Mao Zedong
- "Basa rekutanga rehutungamiriri ndere kuona kupokana kukuru pane imwe neimwe nzira yenhoroondo uye kugadzira mutsara wepakati kuti ugadzirise." – Mao Zedong
- "Bato reCommunist rinofanira kudzora pfuti." – Mao Zedong
- “Kusiyana kuri pakati peshamwari kunotosimbisa ushamwari hwadzo.” – Mao Zedong
- "Dzidziso yakaipa yekolonialism uye imperialism yakasimuka uye ichifamba neuranda hweNegroes uye kutengeserana muNegroes, uye ichasvika pakuguma kwayo nekusunungurwa kwakakwana kwevanhu vatema." – Mao Zedong
- “Murume mukuru, Genghis Khan, aiziva kupfura makondo nemuseve chete. Zvakapfuura zvapfuura. Kuti uone magamba chaiwo, tarisa zvakakupoteredza." – Mao Zedong
- "Mabhunu anofanira kufamba pakati pevanhu sehove inoshambira mugungwa." – Mao Zedong
- “Munhu anoseka zvikurusa munyika ndiye “ruzivo” uyo anotora zivo yakawanda yokunzwa uye anozviti ndiye “chiremera Chekutanga chenyika”. – Mao Zedong
- "Vanhu, uye vanhu chete, ndivo simba rinokurudzira mukugadzirwa kwenhoroondo yenyika." – Mao Zedong
- "Kurwira kwevanhu Vatema muUnited States kuti vasunungurwe chikamu chehondo huru yevanhu vese vepasi vachipesana neU.S. imperialism, chikamu cheshanduko yenyika yemazuva ano." – Mao Zedong
- “Nyika yose yakajeka zvikuru. Kana makore akasviba, chiedza chinowedzerawo. – Mao Zedong
- "Pane tsika yakakomba kune capitalism pakati pevarimi vakapfuma." – Mao Zedong
- "Chokwadi hakuna chinhu chakadai sehunyanzvi hwekudhirowa, hunyanzvi hunomira pamusoro pemakirasi, hunyanzvi hunovharirwa kubva kana kuzvimiririra mune zvematongerwo enyika. Proletarian mabhuku uye hunyanzvi chikamu chese chese che proletarian shanduko. " – Mao Zedong
- “Uto iri rine simba nokuti nhengo dzaro dzose dzine chirango chinoziva; vakaungana uye havarwiri zvido zvevanhu vashomanana kana kuti boka duku, asi zvinofarirwa neruzhinji uye norudzi rwose.” – Mao Zedong
- "Kuverenga mabhuku akawanda kunokuvadza." – Mao Zedong
- "Kupanduka kunopembedzwa." – Mao Zedong
- "Hondo inogona chete kubviswa kuburikidza nehondo, uye kuti ubvise pfuti zvakakosha kutora pfuti." – Mao Zedong
- “Hondo, ichi chikara chokuurayana pakati pavanhu, chichabviswa pakupedzisira nokufambira mberi kwenzanga yavanhu, uye munguva yemberi isiri kure zvikuru zvakare.” – Mao Zedong
- "Isu tiri vatsigiri vekugumisa kwehondo, hatidi hondo, asi hondo inogona kubviswa chete kuburikidza nehondo, uye kuti ubvise pfuti zvakakosha kutora pfuti." – Mao Zedong
- "Hatisi ma utopians uye hatigone kuzvirambana kubva pamamiriro ezvinhu akatarisana nesu." – Mao Zedong
- "Tichaporesa maronda edu, tounganidza vakafa vedu uye toramba tichirwa." – Mao Zedong
- "Tinofanira kutsigira chero zvinopikiswa nemuvengi uye nekupikisa zvese zvinotsigirwa nemuvengi." – Mao Zedong
- “Isu tinofunga madiki, sedatya riri pasi petsime. Anofunga kuti denga rakangokura sepamusoro petsime. Kana akabuda, aizova nemaonero akasiyana zvachose.” – Mao Zedong
- “Zvombo chinhu chinokosha muhondo, asi kwete chikuru; munhu uye kwete zvinhu zvinokosha.” – Mao Zedong
- "Vakadzi vanosimudza hafu yedenga." – Mao Zedong
- "Iwe haugone kuita shanduko kana ukasadya chilies." – Mao Zedong