Endowment Fund ndi gawo lazachuma la mabungwe osapindula monga mayunivesite, mabungwe othandizira, ndi mipingo. Cholinga cha thumbali ndikuyika chuma cha bungwe kuti chithandizire ntchito zamtsogolo ndi ntchito zina zofunika. Ndalama zazikulu kwambiri zapadziko lonse lapansi zapadziko lonse lapansi zili ndi mabiliyoni ambiri omwe angagulitsidwe, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala ochulukira pantchito yazachuma. Pazonse, pali mitundu inayi ikuluikulu ya ma endowment structures:
- Kupatsa kopanda malire: Ndondomeko ya thumba momwe katundu amagwiritsidwira ntchito malinga ndi zomwe bungwe likufuna.
- Kutalika kwa nthawi: Ndondomeko ya thumba yokhala ndi nthawi yokhazikika yokhazikika isanayambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mkulu.
- Quasi endowed: Kupereka ku bungwe lomwe lili ndi cholinga chofuna kutumiza ndalamazo.
- Madalitso oletsedwa: Kapangidwe ka thumba komwe mtengo wamtengo wapatali kuchokera ku zopereka umakhalapo mpaka kalekale ndipo zobweza zokha zomwe zaperekedwa pamutuwu zingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Kuphatikiza apo, thumba lililonse la endowment lili ndi magawo osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi kuchotsedwa, kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama, ndi malingaliro awo onse azachuma. Ndalama zazikulu zomwe zimaperekedwa zimatha kufananizidwa pazachuma chachikulu, potengera chuma. Mayunivesite ndi gulu limodzi lotsogola padziko lonse lapansi lazachuma, makamaka aku United States.
Ndalama zapamwamba za endowment zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri pazachuma. Ngakhale onse ali ndi mabiliyoni oti agwiritse ntchito, aliyense ali ndi zolinga ndi zolinga zosiyana kwambiri za momwe angagwiritsire ntchito ndalama zawo. Ndipo ngakhale ndi mabungwe osachita phindu, ma endowment fund akuwona kuti chuma chawo chonse chikuposa zomwe zimasungidwa ndi ndalama zina zambiri zogulitsa, monga ndalama zodziyimira pawokha, ma hedge funds, ndi mabizinesi abizinesi.
Nawa ndalama 20 zapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
udindo | Endowment Fund | Katundu wathunthu |
1. | Malingaliro a kampani Ensign Peak Advisors, Inc | $ Biliyoni 124 |
2. | Japan Science and Technology Agency | $ Biliyoni 80.70 |
3. | Sukulu ya Stanford | $ Biliyoni 75.14 |
4. | Harvard Management Company | $ Biliyoni 72.78 |
5. | Yale University | $ Biliyoni 56.22 |
6. | University of Princeton | $ Biliyoni 44.46 |
7. | MIT Investment Management Company | $ Biliyoni 42.53 |
8. | University of Duke | $ Biliyoni 30.39 |
9. | University New York | $ Biliyoni 27.84 |
10. | University Columbia mu Mzinda wa New York | $ Biliyoni 24.70 |
11. | University of Notre Dame | $ Biliyoni 24.60 |
12. | KAUST Investment Management Company | $ Biliyoni 23.50 |
13. | University of Emory | $ Biliyoni 20.46 |
14. | University of Johns Hopkins | $ Biliyoni 18.04 |
15. | Tchalitchi cha Pension Fund | $ Biliyoni 17.77 |
16. | University of Chicago | $ Biliyoni 17.28 |
17. | University of Ohio State | $ Biliyoni 16.01 |
18. | University kumpoto | $ Biliyoni 15.86 |
19. | University of Washington ku St Louis | $ Biliyoni 15.10 |
20. | Penn State University, Ofesi ya Investment Management | $ Biliyoni 15.02 |